煤矿安全从业人员心理测评研究

人为因素是导致我国各类煤矿安全事故屡禁不止的重要原因 ,为了寻求解决这一难题的有效办法 ,笔者对煤矿作业对人提出的安全心理素质要求进行了探讨 ,对煤矿从业人员的心理因素与安全生产关系进行了工作分析与职务分析 ,建立了以能力与非能力因素为基本内容的心理测试指标体系并对这一体系的科学性进行了验证。应用实践表明 ,该体系为从根本上解决煤矿安全问题提供了一种新的途径。     

From the traditional concept of safety management to safety integrated with quality

This editorial reviews the evolution of the concepts of safety and quality that have been used in the traditional workplace. The traditional programs of safety are explored showing strengths and weaknesses. The concept of quality management is also viewed. Safety management and quality management principles, stages, and measurement are highlighted. The concepts of quality and safety guarantee are assessed. Total Quality Management concepts are reviewed and applied to safety quality. Total safety management principles are discussed. Finally, an analysis of the relationship between quality and safety from data collected from a company in Spain is presented.     

Occupational safety and health in Spain

Occupational Health and Safety in Spain has improved considerably over the last decade, most likely due to a new concept where an overall concept of safety culture is defined. Important changes in industrial safety, hygiene, and psychosocial factors present an optimistic panorama for the future of Spain. Despite this general improvement, according to the European Convergence Program, Spanish statistics still offer far from good safety results. In fact, according to 1997 official statistics, Spain had the highest incidence rate for nonfatal occupational accidents of all European Union (EU) countries, and occupied third place for fatal accidents. This paper summarizes the organizational structure of the Spanish National System of Health & Safety at Work, its effective health and safety laws, and statistics on the Spanish work environment obtained from III Spanish National Survey on Work Conditions (1997). The researchers hope that the findings of this work will have an impact on Spanish industry that will subsequently bring about improvements in work conditions and develop assessment and intervention models in occupational health and safety, from a theoretical position integrating environmental, human, and organizational factors.     

Offshore safety case approach and formal safety assessment of ships

PROBLEM: Tragic marine and offshore accidents have caused serious consequences including loss of lives, loss of property, and damage of the environment. METHOD: A proactive, risk-based "goal setting" regime is introduced to the marine and offshore industries to increase the level of safety. DISCUSSION: To maximize marine and offshore safety, risks need to be modeled and safety-based decisions need to be made in a logical and confident way. Risk modeling and decision-making tools need to be developed and applied in a practical environment. SUMMARY: This paper describes both the offshore safety case approach and formal safety assessment of ships in detail with particular reference to the design aspects. The current practices and the latest development in safety assessment in both the marine and offshore industries are described. The relationship between the offshore safety case approach and formal ship safety assessment is described and discussed. Three examples are used to demonstrate both the offshore safety case approach and formal ship safety assessment. The study of risk criteria in marine and offshore safety assessment is carried out. The recommendations on further work required are given. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: This paper gives safety engineers in the marine and offshore industries an overview of the offshore safety case approach and formal ship safety assessment. The significance of moving toward a risk-based "goal setting" regime is given.     

薄膜结构在动风荷载下的安全性能分析

从理论和实践两方面对薄膜结构在风荷载下的安全性能进行了研究。根据随机过程理论 ,用计算机模拟生成具有空间相关性的风场。发展建立了膜结构几何非线性动力响应问题的有限元公式 ,并以此为基础对一具体的膜结构进行了动力时程响应分析。通过观察膜结构在不同风速下的位移时程曲线 ,笔者发现 :当外界风速小于一定的临界风速时 ,结构的位移响应会逐渐趋于稳态 ,结构的振动逐渐趋于稳定 ,这时结构是安全的 ;当外界风速超过或接近临界风速时 ,结构的振幅会逐渐增大 ,膜结构将可能发生驰振损坏。进而提出了通过增大膜内预应力或提高膜曲面的曲率来防止膜结构风振破坏的方法 ,并指出了在设计和施工中为保证膜结构的风振安全应当采取的措施。     

城市轨道交通现代安全管理体系构建初探

笔者分析了城市轨道交通安全管理的现状，从系统的角度挖掘导致事故发生的管理缺陷原因；提出保证轨道交通安全的根本出路在于建立现代企业安全管理体系；研讨了安全管理系统的运行机理，规范了保证系统、控制系统、信息系统贯穿在全过程管理的功能和作用；提出以信息系统为基础的旨在对安全生产进行事前、事中、事后控制的安全管理体系，并对该体系的结构和内容进行了分析和讨论。通过所研究的安全管理体系的成果，对城市轨道交通安全管理的现状改善、为适应城市轨道交通安全管理的现代化提供了新的思路和途径，也推动和丰富了城市轨道交通安全管理体系的学科建设。     

交通事故的时间分布规律

交通事故已成为威胁人民生命、财产安全的社会公害之一。笔者利用国内外有关交通事故数据进行统计分析,对交通事故发生的时间特征进行研究,为改善交通安全状况提供理论基础。运用统计分析、对比分析方法,分析国外不同国家和我国交通事故年时间分布规律的波峰曲线,得出我国交通事故逐年上升的势头有望得到遏制,使人们对战胜交通事故灾害充满信心。分析交通事故小时时间分布曲线,得出交通事故高峰小时出现在交通量高峰小时之后,两者不重合,死亡高峰时段(危险时段)多发生在夜晚等结论。该结论对采取针对不同时间内降低交通事故的教育、管理、工程等安全对策具有实用价值。     

丰山铜矿岩石声学特性研究及其在采场安全预报中的应用

对丰山铜矿的矿岩进行声波特性研究,依据声波特性参数将矿岩的稳定性分为3类,并建立了相应采场安全性的声学监测措施。利用声波特性可以实现对岩石的稳定性进行快速判断,并以此选择采矿方法、优化采场的结构参数及支护方式。通过对井下工作面长期的声发射特性参数的监测,初步确定了丰山铜矿岩石破坏的声发射特性参数的判据。并根据观测到的声发射特性参数时间序列,应用灰色理论模型来预报采场冒顶、片帮事故,通过对多个采场的成功预报,证明该模型的有效性。同时应用声波技术和声发射技术进行开采过程的安全预报是一种新的思路,对指导地下矿山安全生产具有重要的意义。     

便梁施工时铁路轨道安全性试验研究

为了保证列车在铁路便梁施工时安全运行,需要对铁路轨道的安全性进行研究。首先要对列车进行3个阶段的测试,即限速阶段、试验车测试阶段、监测阶段,测试每个阶段中钢轨的内、外轨垂直力和横向力;然后计算出脱轨系数和轮重减载率,测试轨头位移,计算出轨距弹性挤开量。根据试验结果,对行车安全进行评估,同时全过程监控行车安全,为以后铁路便梁施工时提高列车限速、保证列车行车安全提供重要技术参数,具有重要意义。     

中国石油的2110安全管理模式

本文介绍了中国石油天然气股份有限公司2110安全管理模式的内涵、发展历程、效果和发展前景.通过2110安全管理模式的建立,中国石油安全管理工作基础得到夯实,安全业绩不断得到改进.