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711.
Hatipkarasulu Y 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(5):451-457
Introduction
Construction is among the most dangerous industries in the United States accounting for thousands of fatalities every year. Although there is data available on high risk work types and areas, the project-level detail is not readily available.Method
This paper uses the accident investigation reports to categorize project types and presents project level analysis of 350 fatal accidents for special trade contractors.Results
The results showed that Residential and Commercial projects lead the fatalities where Falls are observed as the leading cause. However, when the fatality causes and project categories are analyzed for each work type, the results showed different fatality cause proportions for each project type.Impact on Industry
Project level analysis approach has a direct impact on identifying high risk work types and areas for special trade contractors by making it possible to focus the prevention and intervention efforts more accurately, while highlighting training and education needs. 相似文献712.
特种设备风险管理体系构建及关键问题探究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为加强特种设备风险管理,在遵循科学性、可操作性、全面性和可发展性4个原则的基础上,应用安全系统工程、风险工程学的基本原理,提出并构建包含风险监管体系、监测预警体系、应急管理体系和事后处置体系在内的特种设备风险管理体系。从组织机构、运行机制、法律规章、关键技术4个方面对特种设备风险管理所面临的关键问题进行探究。结果表明:所构建的特种设备风险管理体系,符合事物发生的内部规律和风险管理的基本要求,具有层次分明、目的明确等特点,为特种设备风险管理的开展提供有益的参考。 相似文献
713.
泰州大桥工程项目建设单位安全管理实践探讨 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
建设单位做好安全管理工作,对保障大型工程项目建设的顺利进行,以及施工现场安全有着举足轻重的作用。泰州大桥项目作为特大桥梁工程,参建单位及人员众多,施工管理及组织非常复杂,安全管理工作面临着众多难点。本文从建设单位的角度出发,探讨了泰州大桥安全管理工作中的安全生产氛围、现场安全防护、高处作业、特种设备、特种作业人员、临时用电等八个重点内容,严把设计关、狠抓招标准入、强化制度建设、落实各级安全检查、实施安全生产风险抵押金考核等五种管理手段,以及委托专业机构提供现场安全管理及咨询、在全桥范围内建立和推行职业健康安全管理体系的探索性工作。此安全管理模式对其他大型工程项目建设单位抓好安全管理工作具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
714.
企业安全文化是企业文化的一个方面。从树立正确的安全观、尊重职工的安全文化心理、提高安全文化素质、建设安全文化制度、开展安全文化活动等方面论述了开展安全文化的重要性及实现安全生产工作的意义。 相似文献
715.
716.
安全投资方向决策的研究 总被引:14,自引:4,他引:10
梅强 《中国安全科学学报》1999,9(5):42-47
应用灰色系统理论,建立了安全投资——效益系统关联模型,从而可以判断影响安全投资效益的关键因素,为制定正确的安全投资方向决策提供充分的依据。通过实证分析,说明本方法是科学的、实用的。 相似文献
717.
工程建设安全监理工作的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
甘心孟 《中国安全科学学报》1999,9(6):54-58
着重论述了工程建设安全监理工作任务、程序,提出了建立安全、质量、减灾、环保综合监理体系的构想 相似文献
718.
The present paper describes the theory behind the “plume rise from warehouse or pool fires model” as implemented in the software package EFFECTS. This model simulates the rising of buoyant plumes due to the density difference between the hot combustion products and the ambient air. The plume rise model calculates the maximum height at which the released material will be in equilibrium with the density of the air, and presents the resulting trajectory of the plume, including hazard distances to specific concentration threshold levels. These parameters will be determined depending on the wind speed, atmospheric stability class and the fire's convective heat production, leading to potential penetration of the mixing layer.Additionally, the penetration of the smoke plume through the temperature inversion layer is assessed. If the convective heat of production is sufficient to penetrate the mixing layer, the smoke plume will be trapped above the mixing layer. When this occurs, the (potentially toxic) combustion products do not disperse back below the mixing layer, thus, the individuals at ground level are not exposed to the harmful combustion products. If the convective heat of production is not sufficient to penetrate the mixing layer, the smoke plume may experience the so-called reflection phenomena which will trap the smoke plume below the mixing layer. This could have more dangerous consequences for individuals who then might be exposed to harmful combustion products at ground level.Moreover, this paper includes the validation of the model against experimental data as well as to other widely validated mathematical models. The experiments and mathematical models used for the validation are described, and a detailed discussion of the results is included, with a statistical and graphical comparison against the field data. 相似文献
719.
The article is intended for those who are not safety professionals but are responsible for safety management in a small or medium enterprise (SME) of the process industry. It assumes that a SME is loosely coupled and of low complexity and has a small number of major hazards present in it. The article describes Elementary Safety Management (ESM) as a combination of activities that maintain openness to safety impulses with Elementary Risk Control (ERC). ERC uses four milestones and three rules to get to the necessary and sufficient selection of control measures, which will achieve an acceptable level of risk. To make the ESM scheme as simple as possible, the term causal event is used, which is derived from the term causal factor. Practical Safety Management (PrSM) adds to the ESM the knowledge and skills that a person, who is supposed to design and implement a safety management system, needs. The PrSM procedure is developed to identify optimum controls. The procedure recognizes the unavoidable role of commitment to safety, respects the role of hazard identification, and integrates prospective and retrospective analyses and current knowledge of safety management systems. Examples of application of the procedure are given in the article. 相似文献
720.
Issues related to procedural systems have been found to contribute to incidents in many high-risk industries such as petrochemical, oil and gas, etc. While previous research has focused on understanding issues with procedural systems from the perspective of the workers (who are the end-users of procedures), most of this research suffers from samples that only include companies with programs focused on improving safety by improving procedures. These companies may have inherent differences in their safety practices and thus the experiences of these workers may not completely represent all workers’ experiences in this domain. The purpose of this study is to gain insights into the thoughts and perceptions from a representative and broad sample of workers concerning procedure use and purpose. To improve the generalizability of previous findings, interviews were conducted with workers from a broad range of high-risk process industries to investigate issues related to procedure adherence that may be present in companies not currently implementing. Findings from a qualitative data analysis provide support for the generalizability of issues previously discovered, such as: more experience workers being more likely to deviate; procedure quality being inconsistent; and the procedure revision process being problematic. However additional prominent issues were found as well. Most importantly, this study found that adherence to procedures is often motivated by potential liability issues instead of genuine concerns for safety in organizations and many deviations from procedures were due to pressure from immediate supervisors. These findings suggest a relationship between the effectiveness/quality of procedural systems and the safety climate of the organization or work unit. 相似文献