关于地下铁道火灾防治措施的思考

在地下铁道中 ,一旦发生火灾事故 ,后果不堪设想。笔者从地下铁道的设计、结构及管理等方面分析了地铁火灾的特点与产生的原因 ,并针对性地提出了一些诸如完善建筑设计、改善通风技术、建立一个科学而有效的管理控制中心等安全对策。     

Student and faculty issues in distance education occupational safety and health graduate programs

PROBLEM: There is increasing interest in delivering degree programs without requiring students to attend traditional classroom-based classes. There are many differences between classroom and distance courses that must be addressed to have effective distance programs. METHOD: Occupational safety and health faculty and occupational safety and health professionals were surveyed to determine the need for graduate occupational safety and health programs, delivered by means of distance education, and the best means to deliver the program from the perspective of faculty and working occupational safety and health professionals. RESULTS: Adequate time is the largest problem issue for potential students and the distance student's needs must be considered when developing program policies and procedures. Faculty must be sufficiently trained in pedagogy, technology, and communications so that they have the same comfort level with this method of instruction as they do for the more familiar classroom, and technical and instructional support personnel need to be readily available to work with the faculty and support course development. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Findings indicate that there is interest in a distance education-based program and it is believed that industry will be positively impacted as educational opportunities expand for working professionals.     

Rate of occupational accidents in the mining industry since 1950--a successful approach to prevention policy

This paper deals with the decrease in the rate of accident insurance claims in the German mining industry over the last five decades. It intends to show that this process is above all the result of a prevention policy where companies and the body responsible for the legal accident insurance in the mining industry, the Bergbau-Berufsgenossenschaft (BBG), work hand in hand. A system like the German accident insurance scheme, combining prevention, rehabilitation, and compensation, enables successful and modern safety and health measures.     

The elaboration of the 'Stockholm convention' on persistent organic pollutants (POPs): a negotiation process fraught with obstacles and opportunities

The conclusion in December 2000 of the negotiations for the 'Stockholm Convention' can clearly be labeled as a success. The Convention text was negotiated in merely five sessions of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) and accomplished after its fifth session despite the fact that numerous controversial issues, such as the inclusion of new substances under the ambit of the Convention, the acknowledgement of the precautionary principle or--clearly most controversial--the financing mechanisms, remained to be resolved. This paper attempts to provide a somewhat impressionistic account of the negotiations leading to the conclusion of the 'Stockholm Convention' as experienced by the members of the Swiss delegation participating in the negotiations of the INC. Besides a brief overview on the 'history' of the negotiations, it will focus on some issues of special interest--and controversy--to the negotiators, and finally attempt to provide an outlook on the future of the work performed by the INC and the implementation of the Convention. Issues of special interest are environmental policy issues, capacity building and financing, trade-related issues, precautionary principles, and technical and scientific issues.     

螺旋群锚在岩土介质中极限抗拔力的试验分析及工程应用

通过室内模型试验 ,初步探讨了在砂土中当螺旋群锚的间距改变时 ,其受力性能的变化 ;通过试验及分析 ;提出了计算螺旋群锚在不同间距时的极限承载力公式 ;同时对螺旋锚在工程安全中的应用进行了分析     

一个发展中的交叉科学领域——安全科学

本文以科学哲学的思想为指导、系统科学的方法为手段和科学学的内容为借鉴,系统地分析和研究了安全科学技术的产生和发展历史,特别着重阐述在中国的发展状况,同时提出了安全科学的定义、研究内容和它的学科科学技术体系结构模型与专业设置的方案设想。此外,本文还介绍了其他中国学者对安全科学学科建设的不同见解。     

2000年中国建筑施工安全发展规划

针对中国建筑施工行业安全生产实况，提出了到２０００年发展目标及主要措施。     

Project safety as a sustainable competitive advantage

Introduction: To be consistently profitable, a construction company must complete projects in scope, on schedule, and on budget. At the same time, the nature of the often high-risk work performed by construction companies can result in high accident rates. Clients and other stakeholders are placing increasing pressure on companies to decrease those accident rates. Clients routinely demand copies of safety plans and evidence of past results at the “pre-qualification” or “request for proposal” stages of the procurement process. Are high accident rates and the associated costs just a part of business? Findings: Companies that deliver on scope, schedule, and budget have a competitive advantage. Is it possible for projects with low accident rates to use it as a competitive advantage? Is the value added by safety just a temporary or parity issue, or does a successful safety program offer significant advantage to the company and the client? Impact on Industry: This article concludes that in the case of a high-risk industry, such as the construction industry, an organization with a successful safety program can promote safety performance as a sustainable competitive advantage. It is a choice the company can make.     

道路工程积雪灾害的安全设计与防治措施研究

积雪灾害主要指自然积雪、风吹雪、雪崩。笔者结合实际工程设计 ,在“以防为主 ,防治结合”的前提下 ,对于进行工程处理的地段必须提出具体措施 ,以确保工程建设以及使用过程的安全。对积雪灾害地区针对不同灾害类型 ,提出工程处理措施 ,对于风吹雪灾害的处理措施类型有导、疏、阻、清等措施 ,对于雪崩灾害的处理措施有稳、导、防、缓等措施。在此基础上 ,提出了对于积雪灾害采取因地制宜 ,综合治理的方法。