铅酸蓄电池室燃爆事故分析及其安全对策

通过对铅酸蓄电池室燃爆事故树定性分析 ,找出了可能导致铅酸蓄电池室燃爆事故发生的基本原因事件 ,即无通风设施 ,通风设施损坏 ,未及时送、排风 ,使用不防爆电器 ,防爆电器损坏 ,电气连接处接触不良 ,人体静电放电 ,室内吸烟 ,室内动火。为了预防铅酸蓄电池室燃爆事故的发生 ,关键是 :一要采取有效的通风措施 ,保持蓄电池室通风良好 ,使氢气浓度不能达到爆炸极限 ;二要采取防止火源发生的措施 ,使蓄电池室无点火源 ,只要蓄电池室内无火源 ,即使氢气浓度达到爆炸极限 ,也不可能发生燃爆。为了达到上述两个要求 ,就必须在防火防爆技术和管理方面采取相应的安全措施     

一种高安全、容错控制计算机的设计与实现

在许多工业领域中 ,其控制系统必须是高可靠、高可用和高安全的。根据IEC 6 15 0 8标准 ,1oo2D(oneoutoftwowithdiagnostics)结构满足这些要求。实现 1oo2D结构时 ,每个通道采用双CPU结构 ,通道间同步采用软硬件结合方式 ,硬件数据比较器具备强故障安全特性 ,通道间通信采用高速并行方式 ,自诊断包括内嵌诊断设备、自诊断程序和看门狗。研制了实验原型机 ,进行的功能测试和错误注入测试表明 :其控制功能正常 ,容错性能和安全性能满足工业控制要求     

桥梁工程区气象安全保障系统的研究

根据国内大型桥梁建设工程区对气象安全保障的特殊要求及目前常规气象监测与预报预警的现状 ,笔者提出桥梁工程区气象环境监测、预报预警、安全保障建设的整体思路和技术框架 ,并据此研制成功一个基于通用分组无线业务 (GPRS) ,由工程区数据采集、分析及预报制作、信息传输、应急措施 4部分组成的桥梁工程区气象安全保障系统。该系统克服了以往桥梁施工气象安全保障中的缺陷 ,满足了建设部门随时随地掌握工程区当前和未来气象环境及其他安全保障对工程区气象基础数据的需求。系统应用于苏通长江公路大桥施工期的气象安全保障中 ,已取得明显实效 ,为该大桥建设规避气象灾害 ,降低不利天气条件影响 ,保障施工安全及施工计划安排提供了决策依据。     

Safety climate in university and college laboratories: impact of organizational and individual factors

INTRODUCTION: Universities and colleges serve to be institutions of education excellence; however, problems in the areas of occupational safety may undermine such goals. Occupational safety must be the concern of every employee in the organization, regardless of job position. Safety climate surveys have been suggested as important tools for measuring the effectiveness and improvement direction of safety programs. Thus, this study aims to investigate the influence of organizational and individual factors on safety climate in university and college laboratories. METHOD: Employees at 100 universities and colleges in Taiwan were mailed a self-administered questionnaire survey; the response rate was 78%. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that organizational category of ownership, the presence of a safety manager and safety committee, gender, age, title, accident experience, and safety training significantly affected the climate. Among them, accident experience and safety training affected the climate with practical significance. RECOMMENDATIONS: The authors recommend that managers should address important factors affecting safety issues and then create a positive climate by enforcing continuous improvements.     

The perceived compatibility of safety and production expectations in hazardous occupations

INTRODUCTION: Safety hazards are unavoidable in many work environments. Employees must be both productive and safe, however, conflicting safety and production demands can negatively affect safety, production, or both. The employee's perception of the compatibility of management's safety and production expectations is a possible predictor of such consequences. This paper defines "safety-production compatibility" and describes how measures of safety-production compatibility, as well as safety pressure and production pressure, were developed. METHOD: We used LISREL structural equation modeling to test the influences of safety-production compatibility, safety pressure, and production pressure on safe work behavior and interference with performing other work tasks. The 239 study participants were workers employed in diverse but hazardous occupations. RESULTS: Pressure to work safely was positively associated with safe work behavior. The perceived compatibility of safety and production demands positively influenced safe work behavior and reduced the interference of safety hazards performing other tasks. Safety-production compatibility was also found to mediate the relationship between trust in management and safe work behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this field study suggest increased compatibility, and thus less conflict, between safety and production demands influences safe work behavior and the interference of safety hazards with performing other work tasks. More broadly, the worker's reaction to multiple work demands is a safety and performance influence. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Safety management efforts that focus only on the hazards fail to eliminate many accidents because accidents arise from many factors including technology, safety climate, social influences, production, and safety demands. This study suggests that workers differ in their perception of the compatibility of safety and production demands. These differences will show up in safe work behavior, influencing the effectiveness of safety management efforts and the trust workers have in management's concern for safety.     

西营灌区饮水安全工程运行管理现状及其对策

本文简析了甘肃省武威市凉州区西营灌区饮水安全工程的管理、水质监测和水源地保护等方面采取的措施,并就出现的问题提出了一些对策,以期促进该灌区饮水安全工程的科学发展。     

开发区规划环评的基本框架

概括了开发区规划环评的基本原则和理论依据,提出了开发区规划环评的评价思路,总结了开发区规划环评常用评价方法和主要内容,为我国开发区规划环评的开展提供借鉴.     

环境风险评价与安全评价危险源辨识的异同

环境风险评价（ERA）和安全评价（SA）的目标较易混淆,而危险源辨识是这两类评价所要解决的首要问题,对其深入分析有助于比较两类评价的内涵和侧重点的差异。本文依据危险源理论,分析了这两类评价的危险源分类、事故致因机理模型以及危险源与两类评价的关联,并从危险源辨识的目的、内容、程序、方法等方面对比了ERA与SA各自的特点,提出了进一步完善环境风险评价的思路和方法。     

炼化企业安全作业许可制度探讨

阐述了炼化企业实施作业许可制度的要求,为作业策划和作业实施提出建议,并给出了作业许可证的范例。     

加强南京市饮用水源地水质安全的思考

南京市的生活饮用水主要来自长江,但是随着城市的发展,长江饮用水水源地存在着潜在的问题。针对南京市饮用水水源地存在的一些环境隐患进行了分析,并有针对性地提出南京市饮用水水源地污染防治的对策。