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991.
安全文化对安全行为的影响模式 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
从分析文化对人的行为的影响方式出发 ,阐述了安全文化对人的安全行为的影响模式 ,提出了运用安全文化塑造人的安全行为的途径 ,同时为推动安全文化建设 ,以预防人的不安全行为的观点提供了理论依据 ,笔者所提出的建设安全文化的途径 ,对减少意外伤亡事故的发生具有现实指导意义和积极预防作用 相似文献
992.
Yahya Thamrin Author Vitae Author Vitae Sasha Stewart Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(1):59-63
Problem
Young workers are over-represented in injury statistics. In order to develop injury prevention strategies, this study investigated time trends and predictive factors relating to safety skills, confidence, and attitudes.Method
Annual surveys were conducted from 2006-2009 among incoming students at the University of Adelaide. The questions addressed safety training, injury experience, and health and safety perceptions.Results
Time trends in training, perceived safety skills, confidence, and attitudes were not significant. In terms of skills and confidence, the most important correlate was safety training outside of high school (odds ratio = 1.6), especially when repeated, assessed, or in face to face mode. Feeling strongly about safety issues was best predicted by injury experience (OR = 1.7) and gender.Discussion
These results emphasize the value of assessed training, but they are also consistent with published U.S. data, indicating no improvement over time. It is suggested that there be a more integrated approach in safety education, involving schools and workplaces.Impact on industry
By developing an understanding of student safety perceptions and experiences, this research aims to target strategies to reduce the excess injury rate for young workers. Workplaces should be more aware of the limitations of school-based safety education and a more integrated and evidence-based approach should be developed, involving schools and workplaces. 相似文献993.
Janie L. Gittleman Author Vitae Paige C. Gardner Author Vitae Author Vitae Julie M. Sampson Author Vitae Author Vitae Erica D. Ermann Author Vitae Author Vitae Peter Y. Chen Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(3):263-281
Problem
The present study describes a response to eight tragic deaths over an eighteen month times span on a fast track construction project on the largest commercial development project in U.S. history.Methods
Four versions of a survey were distributed to workers, foremen, superintendents, and senior management. In addition to standard Likert-scale safety climate scale items, an open-ended item was included at the end of the survey.Results
Safety climate perceptions differed by job level. Specifically, management perceived a more positive safety climate as compared to workers. Content analysis of the open-ended item was used to identify important safety and health concerns which might have been overlooked with the qualitative portion of the survey.Discussion
The surveys were conducted to understand workforce issues of concern with the aim of improving site safety conditions. Such efforts can require minimal investment of resources and time and result in critical feedback for developing interventions affecting organizational structure, management processes, and communication.Summary
The most important lesson learned was that gauging differences in perception about site safety can provide critical feedback at all levels of a construction organization.Impact on the Industry
Implementation of multi-level organizational perception surveys can identify major safety issues of concern. Feedback, if acted upon, can potentially result in fewer injuries and fatal events. 相似文献994.
Lisa J. Molnar Author Vitae David W. Eby Author Vitae Author Vitae Renée M. St. Louis Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(4):367-373
Introduction
Self-screening by older drivers has shown considerable promise for increasing self-awareness about functional abilities associated with safe driving. The purpose of this study was to improve upon existing self-screening instruments by focusing entirely on “health concerns” that affect driving - that is, the symptoms that people experience due to medical conditions and the medications used to treat them - rather than the medical conditions or medications themselves.Method
A computer-based, easy-to-use self-screening instrument for older drivers was developed to provide individualized feedback intended to increase self-awareness about declines in driving-related abilities, as well as suggestions for behavioral changes or safety tips to maintain safe driving, further evaluation from a physician/health professional, and vehicle modifications to help compensate for driving-related declines.Results
This paper describes the development of the self-screening instrument and summarizes findings relative to increasing self-awareness among older drivers. This research represents an important first step in improving self-awareness among older drivers through self-screening. 相似文献995.
David M. DeJoy Author Vitae Lindsay J. Della Author Vitae Author Vitae Mark G. Wilson Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(2):163-171
Introduction
This study tests a conceptual model that focuses on social exchange in the context of safety management. The model hypothesizes that supportive safety policies and programs should impact both safety climate and organizational commitment. Further, perceived organizational support is predicted to partially mediate both of these relationships.Methods
Study outcomes included traditional outcomes for both organizational commitment (e.g., withdrawal behaviors) as well as safety climate (e.g., self-reported work accidents). Questionnaire responses were obtained from 1,723 employees of a large national retailer.Results
Using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques, all of the model's hypothesized relationships were statistically significant and in the expected directions. The results are discussed in terms of social exchange in organizations and research on safety climate.Impact on Industry
Maximizing safety is a social-technical enterprise. Expectations related to social exchange and reciprocity figure prominently in creating a positive climate for safety within the organization. 相似文献996.
This paper examines local perceptions of two international humanitarian organisations, the International Rescue Committee (IRC) and Malteser International, in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (formerly known as Zaire). At times, the self‐perception of these organisations differs considerably from the perceptions of local beneficiaries and stakeholders. This study begins by reviewing the current status of research on local perceptions of externally‐introduced humanitarian action. It goes on to discuss the local perceptions of the IRC and Malteser International, as well as the origins of these perceptions, and to show that three different narratives are used by local actors to explain their different perceptions. The paper ends with an examination of the factors that help to account for the differences in perceptions and of the implications of this type of research for humanitarian principles and management, as well as for the study of local perceptions. 相似文献
997.
Shell-tube type heat exchangers are often used to exchange heat between a high-pressure fluid and a low-pressure fluid, and the pressure difference between the two fluids could be significantly high. If the difference in the design pressure between the low-pressure (LP) and high-pressure sides is greater than that covered by American Petroleum Institute (API 520 and 521) 10/13th rule, dynamic analysis is required to ascertain that the maximum surge pressure that could be reached does not compromise the integrity of the LP side of the exchanger. API guidelines also notes that attention should also be given not only to the shell-side of the heat exchanger under evaluation, but also to the “upstream and downstream systems” This paper offers further insight into the importance of including the surrounding piping systems around the subject heat-exchanger where a tube-rupture scenario is considered, and also directs attention to the importance of correctly specifying the appropriate boundary conditions (B.C.) at the far ends of both the upstream and downstream piping systems. It demonstrates the effects of specifying different B.C. on the maximum pressure surge via a case study of a hot separator vapour condenser in a bitumen hydrotreating unit, where the process fluid on the tube-side is a vapour–liquid mixture at 9660 kPa(g). The vapour mass fraction of the process fluid is approximately 0.5, and is mostly hydrogen. The fluid on the LP side is cooling water connected to the plant supply and return cooling systems as well as another adjacent low pressure condenser. The design pressure for the cooling water piping system and the adjacent condenser is 1380 kPa(g). 相似文献
998.
999.
Hydrazine and its derivatives have been used extensively in space programs as liquid propellants. Since they are carcinogen, dimethyl amino ethyl azide (DMAZ) has been introduced as a non-carcinogenic fuel with high performance as compared to the best available fuels. DMAZ contains energetic group –N3, which may be sensitive to some external stimuli. Thus, it is important to study various aspects of sensitivity of DMAZ in addition to its performance criteria. Various conventional tests as well as computer codes were used to investigate sensitivity of DMAZ to external stimuli such as impact, shock wave, Koenen, burning and electrostatic discharge. The results showed that DMAZ is not sensitive to impact, direct flame and shock wave. Meanwhile, it has moderate and high sensitivity to heat in confined volume and electrostatic discharge, respectively. 相似文献
1000.