The derivation of species response curves with Gaussian logistic regression is sensitive to sampling intensity and curve characteristics

We investigated quantitatively the sensitivity of plant species response curves to sampling characteristics (number of plots, occurrence and frequency of species), along a simulated pH gradient. We defined 54 theoretical unimodal response curves, issued from combinations of six values for optimum (opt = 3, 4, …, 8), three values for tolerance (tol = 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5, sensu ter Braak and Looman [ter Braak, C.J.F., Looman, C.W.N., 1986. Weighted averaging, logistic regression and the Gaussian response model. Vegetatio 65, 3–11]), and three values for maximum probability of presence (p_max = 0.05, 0.20, and 0.50). For each of these 54 theoretical response curves, we built artificial binary data sets (presence/absence) to test the influence of species occurrence, frequency, or number of available plots. With real data extracted from EcoPlant, a phytoecological database for French forests [Gégout, J.-C., Coudun, Ch., Bailly, G., Jabiol, B., 2005. EcoPlant: a forest sites database linking floristic data with soil characteristics and climatic conditions. J. Veg. Sci. 16, 257–260], we compared the ecological response of 50 plant species to soil pH, based first on a small data set (100 randomly sampled plots), and then based on the whole data set available (3810 plots).     

An assessment of sampling,preservation, and analytical procedures for arsenic speciation in potentially contaminated waters

This study was undertaken to ascertain optimal methods of sampling, preserving, separating, and analyzing arsenic species in potentially contaminated waters. Arsenic species are readily transformed in nature by slight changes in conditions. Each species has a different toxicity and mobility. The conventional field sampling method using filters of 0.45 μm in size could overestimate the dissolved arsenic concentrations, as passing suspended particles that can act as a sink or source of arsenic depending on the site condition. For arsenic species in neutral pH and iron-poor waters, the precipitation can be stable for up to 3 days without any treatment, but for longer periods, a preservative, such as phosphoric acid, is required. Also, the analytical procedure must be selected carefully because the levels and hydride generation efficiencies of arsenic in different species can vary, even for the same amount of arsenic. For arsenic speciation in samples that also include organic species, a hybrid high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) gave the best resolution and lowest detection limits. However, the procedure using a solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge can be used economically and conveniently for analyzing samples containing only inorganic arsenic species, such as groundwater, especially that related to mine activity.     

监测水和废水中油含量的水样采集方法

根据油在水体中存在形式的多样性，分布不均匀性及油对水体的污染情况，探讨了采样时在不破坏水体水文状态下前提下，采集漂浮油、分散油、乳化油和溶解油等多种形式的合理性，同时，根据均匀流场中点源油滴扩散微分方程的解，探讨了水和废水中含油水样的采样浓度，就均匀流场中的地表水而言采样深度≥５ｃｍ即可。     

Evaluation of Land Condition Trend Analysis for Birds on a Kansas Military Training Site

/ Land condition trend analysis (LCTA) is a long-term monitoring program used on military training lands to identify ecological changes that result from training and management activities. We initiated LCTA at the Kansas Army National Guard Training Facility (KANGTF) in Saline County, Kansas, in March 1998. This paper evaluates the LCTA methodology for birds by comparing LCTA results with a modified methodology designed to place sampling transects in field-identified rather than satellite-identified land-cover types. In the satellite-identified land-cover types developed at the site, grassland habitats included a large component of woody vegetation, which resulted in poor resolution of bird assemblages associated with the different land-cover types. Using these cover classes, mixed grass prairie included five grass/forb (g/f) and 10 woody-dependent species; old-field included four g/f and four woody-dependent species; and riparian included one g/f and six woody-dependent species. LCTA sampling was too limited in the ecologically important riparian woodland habitat with the result that bird species were not adequately sampled there. In the alternate sampling strategy, we identified three land-cover classes (grassland, hedgerow, and riparian woodland) by field reconnaissance and increased sampling in the riparian woodland. Grassland included six g/f and three woody-dependent species; hedgerow included six g/f and 20 woody-dependent species, and riparian included two g/f and 19 woody-dependent species. The modifications greatly improved the resolution of bird assemblages associated with land-cover classes at the KANGTF. Use of the alternative sampling method should improve the ability to detect long-term trends in the bird communities.     

浮游动物DNA宏条形码多样性监测采样方法研究

浮游动物是水生生态系统的重要组成部分,对环境因子敏感,是水生生态健康状况的重要指示生物.基于传统形态学的浮游动物调查方法无法鉴定桡足类幼体,难以准确了解浮游动物群落组成.DNA宏条形码技术基于DNA序列差异识别物种,为浮游动物群落组成的准确解析提供了新方法.比较了不同浮游动物采样方法(直接过滤法和网富集法)对浮游动物D...     

采样时间对空气微生物采样效果的影响

用ＡＮＤＥＲＳＥＮ生物粒子采样器和微孔滤膜空气微生物采样器，在室内进行了不同采样时间对空气微生物采样效果的研究。结果表明，这两种采样器采集的空气微生物粒子浓度随采样时间增加而减少，呈明显的负相关关系，相关系数分别为：－０．８９８和－０．９１１，Ｐ值均小于０．０５。ＡＮＤＥＲＳＥＮ采样器采样时间〈７ｍｉｎ和微孔滤膜采样器采样时间〈３ｍｉｎ时，对采集的空气微生物粒子浓度没有明显影响。采样时间对采集的空     

被动式吸收采样监测空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮主要影响因素探讨

论述了关于被动式吸收采样法用于监测环境空气中的二氧化硫、二氧化氮的影响因素,包括风向、风速、温度、湿度、吸收液种类及浓度、吸收液加入方式等;提出在四季温差较大地区,监测结果的计算中需引入温度校正系数;建议采样时间以2～3周为宜。