A multi-approach strategy in climate attribution studies: Is it possible to apply a robustness framework?

Attribution studies investigate the causes of recent global warming. For a few decades the scientific community generally adopted dynamical models – the so-called Global Climate Models (GCMs) – for such an investigation. These models show the essential role of anthropogenic forcings in driving the temperature behaviour of the last half century. In the last period even other (data-driven) methodological approaches were adopted for attribution studies. This allows the scientific community to compare the results coming from these different approaches and to possibly increase their robustness. For such a purpose, the paper explores the possibility of applying a robustness framework, so far used only in the case of multi-model GCM ensembles, to a strategy including models from different methodological orientations, assessing such an application especially in the light of the independence issue.     

基于车辆身份检测数据的车辆出行排放知识图谱研究

为实现个体车辆出行、排放行为的精细表征与挖掘,基于宣城市中心城区全量个体车辆的出行轨迹、技术参数、排放轨迹等多维交通大数据,以表征个体车辆出行过程的排放信息为主线,设计并构建车辆出行排放知识图谱.研究表明：①知识图谱直观地表征了“车辆-道路-出行-排放”信息的时空关联,可实现个体车辆在不同日期、不同时段、不同路段等多尺度出行特征的精细挖掘.以某辆小型客车为例,检索发现周一、周三出行主要连接的小时实体都为7：00、8：00和17：00,周五、非工作日出行连接的小时实体具有明显的随机性;周一、周三出行所连接的道路实体较少且基本一致,在宣水路、昭亭北路、昭亭南路的出行里程之和占比为63%~68%,周五、非工作日出行连接的道路实体则较为分散.②通过出行信息类、排放信息类实体的关联检索,可实现个体车辆出行排放时空特征的精细辨识和溯源分析.示例车辆的检索结果表明：周一车辆的CO日排放量为1.2g,是周六的2.5倍,同时在早高峰时段（7：00）,车辆出行在交通繁忙路段时,伴随低水平车速,排放强度相对较高.     

试论环境科研监测单位内部运行机制及经济核算制

在科技成果日益商品化的形势下，必须考虑科研的有效产出，同时降低科研经费的成本，尽可能做到投入小于产出；本文结合我所多年的实践，从科技运行机制和会计制度的应用和基本理论，技能和方法，在实践的基础上，进行归纳总结，提出一些观点，以适应科研工作和会计核算和需要，促进科研供给制向着经营型转化进行探索。     

Native Seed Collection and Use in Arid Land Reclamation: A Low-Tech Approach

Loss of vegetation production in arid lands has been difficult to remediate and has signifi- cant economic impacts on human populations. Restoration efforts based on non-local materials and large-scale mechanization have not been capable of efficiently reversing the trend of environmental degradation. The use of traditional knowledge and simplified methods of seed harvesting, storing, marketing and soil preparation have proven that regeneration of native species and efficient land reclamation is possible in areas that have traditionally been considered degraded beyond redemption. This paper describes a method of land reclamation that combines tradition and simple mechanics that can be applied in all arid areas that face desertification. Because the work builds on cultural practices long used in non-industrialized societies, it is particularly adapted to rural areas. The methods described have the potential to open new low-tech economic opportunities to all segments of local non-urban populations while combating desertification and creating a more ecologically sound environment.     

浅析知识经济时代的高校会计模式

知识经济时代理想的高校会计目标观念应当是决策有用性与管理责任的有机结合,既注重决策有用性,又不轻视管理责任;假设将被系统化、集成化模式所替代.因而,事件驱动模式代替顺序化会计处理程序,事项会计取代价值会计.     

可视化技术及其在环境科学中的应用

可视化是近年新发展起来的一个研究和开发十分活跃的技术领域，它是把计算机图形学、图像处理和计算机视觉等技术应用于计算科学。目前已在各个学科中得到广泛的应用，主要介绍了可视化技术的概念、发展概况、实现过程以及可视化技术在环境科学中的应用和前景。     

劳资关系的分配视角分析

从历史发展进程的角度分析了劳资关系及其变化问题,并重点探讨劳动与资本之间分配关系的动态变化．“资本雇佣劳动”这种制度安排有其历史发展过程中的“路径依赖”特征,各种不同经济与法律环境对其形成与存在提供基础,而今后经济发展的复杂化将对传统的劳资关系产生重要的影响．劳资之间分配关系是劳资关系中最为重要而根本性的体现,劳资关系的变迁对于其分配关系也将产生影响,使劳资之间的分配模式从传统的“以物质资本为中心”的分配模式向新型的“以人力资本为中心”的分配模式转化．     

Developing sustainable agricultural systems for small farmers in Latin America

The great majority of farmers in Latin America are peasants who still farm small plots of land, usually in marginal environments utilizing traditional and subsistence methods. The contribution of the 16 million peasant units to regional food security is however substantial. Research has shown that peasant systems, which mostly rely on local resources and complex cropping patterns, are reasonably productive despite their small land endowments and low use of external inputs. Moreover analysis of NGO-led agroecological initiatives show that traditional crop and animal systems can be adapted to increase productivity by biologically re-structuring peasant farms which in turn leads to optimization of key agroecosystem processes (nutrient cycling, organic matter accumulation, biological pest regulation, etc.) and efficient use of labour and local resources. Examples of such grassroots projects are herein described to show that agroecological approaches can offer opportunities to substantially increase food production while preserving the natural resource base and empowering rural communities.     

Ethics,ecology and development: Styles of ethics and styles of agriculture

This paper proposes to test the ethical acceptability of four styles of agricultural resource management: (1) contemporary industrial integrated systems agriculture, (2) modern industrial input dependent agriculture, (3) continuous traditional agriculture and (4) non-continuous (or swidden) traditional agriculture. The test of ethical acceptability is whether or not these styles of agricultural resource management embrace or are even compatible with that pattern of practical reasoning and interaction among ethical agents which we have independent theoretic grounds for preferring. The preferred sorts of practical reasoning and interaction are those which we find operating in ethical theories which are strongly committed to letting the discretion of ethical agents construct what is right for them to do. Thus the discussion distinguishes several different strengths of constructivist ethics relating them to the work of John Rawls, Immanuel Kant and Onora O'Neill. Then it argues for the theoretic preferability of one particular strength of constructivist ethic. The paper winds up by arguing that only traditional continuous agriculture embodies the preferred sort of practical reasoning and interaction among ethical agents. Further, I argue that this is the only style of agriculture which can embody such reasoning and patterns of interaction. Thus, as we consider the role of agriculture in our plans of international development, we have one reason to try to favor traditional continuous agriculture. To do otherwise would ignore the ethical superiority of the practical reasoning and patterns of interaction of traditional agriculturalists.     

Indigenous Grass Ecology and Socio-Economic Values in Swaziland

The fast-degrading land resources of Swaziland requires a multi-faceted approach to their management. One resource of utmost importance to all Swazis is grass. Grass research over the years had focused on pasture grass, while other uses have been neglected. The omission is a serious one and could be attributed to the neglect of indigenous grass knowledge and people's socio-economic values of grasses. Grass as a major resource is used for cattle feed, ecological control measures, medicinal plants and crafts. Within the study area, 46 grass species were identified and described by the local people. The neglect of the people's knowledge and utilitarian values of grass is a waste of resources. Thus, for grass research to be relevant to the people and national development objectives, research scientists should rethink their approach; they need to recognize and incorporate the indigenous knowledge about other uses of grasses.