收费全文 | 248篇 |
免费 | 14篇 |
国内免费 | 15篇 |
安全科学 | 95篇 |
废物处理 | 6篇 |
环保管理 | 13篇 |
综合类 | 102篇 |
基础理论 | 19篇 |
污染及防治 | 6篇 |
评价与监测 | 3篇 |
社会与环境 | 27篇 |
灾害及防治 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 11篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 10篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 9篇 |
2014年 | 5篇 |
2013年 | 11篇 |
2012年 | 12篇 |
2011年 | 14篇 |
2010年 | 10篇 |
2009年 | 11篇 |
2008年 | 6篇 |
2007年 | 13篇 |
2006年 | 11篇 |
2005年 | 10篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 11篇 |
2002年 | 15篇 |
2001年 | 14篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
Introduction
A state by year panel is analyzed to simultaneously explore the statistical correlation between state level traffic fatality rates and state level behavioral regulations regarding teen licensing, seat belt use, and driving under the influence (DUI) in a model that also controls for other correlates.Method
By including measures of all three of these policies, the estimated policy effects should not be overstated due to underspecification bias. The panel includes the 48 contiguous U.S. states for the time period from 1999 through 2003. State fatality rates are measured as fatalities per million miles traveled. Measures of state policies regarding traffic safety related behavior are based on information gathered by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Estimates are calculated via a time fixed effects model that uses the double-log form to allow for interaction effects between the independent variables.Results
Least squares estimates indicate that, on average, more restrictive graduated teen licensing and DUI policies significantly reduce traffic fatality rates, while stricter seat belt enforcement policies have a statistically insignificant negative impact on fatality rates. 相似文献Methods: 1997–2015 NASS-CDS data were used to investigate the risk for severe injury (Maximum Abbreviated Injury Score [MAIS] 4+F) to belted drivers and front passengers in frontal crashes by the presence of a belted or unbelted passenger seated directly behind them or without a rear passenger. Frontal crashes were identified with GAD1 = F without rollover (rollover ≤ 0). Front and rear outboard occupants were included without ejection (ejection = 0). Injury severity was defined by MAIS and fatality (F) by TREATMNT = 1 or INJSEV = 4. Weighted data were determined. The risk for MAIS 4+F was determined using the number of occupants with known injury status MAIS 0+F. Standard errors were determined.
Results: The risk for severe injury was 0.803 ± 0.263% for the driver with an unbelted left rear occupant and 0.100 ± 0.039% with a belted left rear occupant. The driver's risk was thus 8.01 times greater with an unbelted rear occupant than with a belted occupant (P <.001). With an unbelted right rear occupant behind the front passenger, the risk for severe injury was 0.277 ± 0.091% for the front passenger. The corresponding risk was 0.165 ± 0.075% when the right rear occupant was belted. The front passenger's risk was 1.68 times greater with an unbelted rear occupant behind them than a belted occupant (P <.001). The driver's risk for MAIS 4+F was highest when their seat was deformed forward. The risk was 9.94 times greater with an unbelted rear occupant than with a belted rear occupant when the driver's seat deformed forward. It was 13.4 ± 12.2% with an unbelted occupant behind them and 1.35 ± 0.95% with a belted occupant behind them.
Conclusions: Consistent with prior literature, seat belt use by a rear occupant significantly lowered the risk for severe injury to belted occupants seated in front of them. The reduction was greater for drivers than for front passengers. It was 87.5% for the driver and 40.6% for the front passenger. These results emphasize the need for belt reminders in all seating positions. 相似文献