古尔班通古特沙漠公路扰动带植被恢复研究

古尔班通古特沙漠区域伴随多条沙漠公路的修筑，公路沿线形成了生态扰动带（包括施工扰动带和运营扰动带）。它使地表空气流场改变、地表覆被剥离、风沙源出现、地表径流过程受阻、地表水分重分配以及生境隔离。野外考察和样品分析表明，扰动带的植被恢复取决于消面稳定性、降水的地表分配、时间、地下水位、种源和风场等因素，并初步总结出如下规律：①草方格内部表面沙层的有机质随时间逐渐增多；②草方格固沙措施加速了植被恢复的速度；③迎风坡自然覆沙，种子易于着床和萌发；④路肩上形成长营养期的中生植物，边坡形成旱生植物，路边优动带内的植被恢复情况因水分条件而变化；⑤植被恢复与时间成正比，演替过程为：短命植物、三芒草→蒿类→梭梭或白梭梭。最后提出改进草方格沙障的材料、增加土壤的有机质含量、使用干水、适时播种等恢复措施。     

某厂皮带机扩建安全优化设计

采用本质安全优化技术对皮带机本体进行设计,提高设备寿命,强化设备安全,降低操作维护故障通过优化设计选用变频调速技术控制料量,使系统配置满足工艺要求,综合指标更为合理。     

长江产业带开发区现状特点与发展前景

长江产业带开发区处于超常规发展期，以工业开发为主导，开发水平不断提高，地区之间发展不平衡。开发区总方向应坚持以工业、外贸、出口为主的方针，以浦东为龙头，发挥地区优势，加快发展外向型经济，推动长江产业带经济发展。开发区大体划分为六种类型：工业加工型、高新技术产业型、贸易型、工业港口型、综合型和度假型     

辽宁沿海循环经济带建设研究

以辽宁沿海经济带的资源与环境承载力为基础,针对如何将沿海经济带建设成为循环经济带提出了建设指标、建设框架和具体措施。最终目的是通过环境优化经济增长,实现经济建设与环境保护协调发展。     

基于光漫反射的真空皮带脱水机滤布纠偏原理

介绍了湿法脱硫系统中真空皮带脱水机滤布的一种光漫反射纠偏装置,包括其主要部件如光漫反射传感器、电动推杆驱动装置、滤布控制滚轮等,重点阐述了光漫反射纠偏装置的工作原理及纠偏过程。光漫反射纠偏装置的主要原理是通过光漫反射传感器的输出信号来判断滤布的跑偏,根据光漫反射传感器的输出信号,DCS控制系统发送指令启动可伸缩的电动推杆装置来伸长和收缩推杆,从而控制滤布滚轮围绕着旋转点进行相应的倾斜调整,使滤布回到其中心位置。     

Self-Reported Seat Belt Use in Four Countries: A Telephone Survey

A telephone survey was conducted in four countries in November 1998 to compare drivers in the United States with those in Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom regarding their attitudes toward seat belts and belt use laws. More than 90 percent of the 2251 respondents said they thought seat belts are effective, but self-reported belt use was significantly lower in the United States than in the other countries. Respondents in Australia and the United Kingdom had similar views about what they thought were important reasons for using seat belts and had the highest self-reported use. Reasons given for using belts by Canadian and US respondents were quite similar to one another, yet US respondents had significantly lower self-reported use rates, a difference thought to be due to vigorous enforcement of the law in Canada. US drivers were less likely than Australian and UK drivers to say they used belts out of habit, to avoid a ticket, or because it is required by law and more likely to say they used belts for situational reasons. US drivers were least likely to be in favor of belt use laws. Canadian drivers reported the most experience being checked by police for belt use and were most likely to think that nonusers would be caught. US drivers in primary enforcement jurisdictions were more likely than those in secondary jurisdictions to think that drivers not using belts would be caught and more likely to say they always used belts. Results of this survey indicate that seat belt use in the United States could be increased by adoption of primary enforcement laws and highly visible enforcement programs of the type used in Canada, and that seat belt use could be increased in all countries by increasing the penalties for nonuse.     

Underutilization of occupant restraint systems in motor vehicle injury crashes: A quantitative analysis from Qatar

Introduction: Restraint systems (seat belts and airbags) are important tools that improve vehicle occupant safety during motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). We aimed to identify the pattern and impact of the utilization of passenger restraint systems on the outcomes of MVC victims in Qatar.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted for all admitted patients who sustained MVC-related injuries between March 2011 and March 2014 inclusive.

Results: Out of 2,730 road traffic injury cases, 1,830 (67%) sustained MVC-related injuries, of whom 88% were young males, 70% were expatriates, and 53% were drivers. The use of seat belts and airbags was documented in 26 and 2.5% of cases, respectively. Unrestrained passengers had greater injury severity scores, longer hospital stays, and higher rates of pneumonia and mortality compared to restrained passengers (P = .001 for all). There were 311 (17%) ejected cases. Seat belt use was significantly lower and the mortality rate was 3-fold higher in the ejected group compared to the nonejected group (P = .001). The overall mortality was 8.3%. On multivariate regression analysis, predictors of not using a seat belt were being a front seat passenger, driver, or Qatari national and young age. Unrestrained males had a 3-fold increase in mortality in comparison to unrestrained females. The risk of severe injury (relative risk [RR] = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49–2.26, P = .001) and death (RR = 4.13, 95% CI, 2.31–7.38, P = .001) was significantly greater among unrestrained passengers.

Conclusion: The nonuse of seat belts is associated with worse outcomes during MVCs in Qatar. Our study highlights the lower rate of seat belt compliance in young car occupants that results in more severe injuries, longer hospital stays, and higher mortality rates. Therefore, we recommend more effective seat belt awareness and education campaigns, the enforcement of current seat belt laws, their extension to all vehicle occupants, and the adoption of proven interventions that will assure sustained behavioral changes toward improvements in seat belt use in Qatar.     

西南地区典型森林水库土壤和沉积物汞的迁移转化特征

以西南地区典型拦蓄筑坝形成的森林水库重庆四面山大洪海为研究对象,在湖边位置将从未被水淹没区域的土壤（未淹水区土壤）和沉积物进行原位置换实验,并对水库水体以及土壤总汞（THg）和总甲基汞（TMeHg）的变化进行了为期一年的监测研究.结果表明,四面山大洪海水库未受汞污染的影响,其水体THg[（1.89±0.72）ng·L^-1]和TMeHg[（0.13±0.04）ng·L^-1]的质量浓度均值远低于我国环境质量标准中Ⅰ类水质标准和国内外其他一些水库或湖泊,未淹水区土壤和沉积物中THg和TMeHg的含量也相应低于其他一些水库或湖泊;水体和土壤中THg和TMeHg的含量具有一定的季节性变化（暖季>冷季）,其中TMeHg的季节性变化更明显,主要影响因素为气候和降雨量的变化;沉积物中THg和TMeHg的含量相对未淹水区土壤均有明显的升高,表明沉积物是水库汞储存的重要场所,同时也使沉积物成为水库汞（尤其是甲基汞）污染的潜在源;原位置换后的土柱THg和TMeHg含量在经过较短的时间即能与周围土壤达到平衡状态,特别是表层土壤,说明水库消落带能够加快汞的地球化学循环过程.     

城乡交错带--特殊的生态区

从城乡交错带的概念出发,分析了城乡交错带与城市化和生态交错带的关系,并讨论了城乡交错带的城乡复合特征、界面效应及动态变化等生态特征。     

三峡库区消落带土壤对Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附特征

以三峡库区消落带紫色土为对象,采用平衡吸附法研究了Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)在紫色土中的吸附特征,分析了紫色土对重金属的吸附能力.结果表明:(1)随着加入Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)浓度增高,紫色土对Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附量增大,碱性紫色土对Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附量最高分别为1499.5 mg.kg-1、2845.4 mg.kg-1;(2)土壤中有Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)的专性吸附位点,在两者共存的条件下存在竞争吸附,Cu(Ⅱ)的竞争吸附能力大于Zn(Ⅱ),其各自的最大吸附量小于单一离子条件下的吸附量,碱性、中性、酸性紫色土Cu(Ⅱ)最大吸附量的下降幅度分别是14.5%、15.2%、15.9%,Zn(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量下降幅度分别为31.7%、28.1%、25.7%;(3)共存阳离子类型及浓度影响紫色土有效Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)含量,随着阳离子的加入,碱性紫色土的有效Cu(Ⅱ)含量增加,酸性紫色土减少,而3种紫色土的有效Zn(Ⅱ)含量均增加.消落带土壤淹水后,水体中Cu(Ⅱ)及其他阳离子的存在使土壤对Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附力降低,造成Zn(Ⅱ)污染的环境风险增加.