辽宁沿海循环经济带建设研究

以辽宁沿海经济带的资源与环境承载力为基础,针对如何将沿海经济带建设成为循环经济带提出了建设指标、建设框架和具体措施。最终目的是通过环境优化经济增长,实现经济建设与环境保护协调发展。     

基于光漫反射的真空皮带脱水机滤布纠偏原理

介绍了湿法脱硫系统中真空皮带脱水机滤布的一种光漫反射纠偏装置,包括其主要部件如光漫反射传感器、电动推杆驱动装置、滤布控制滚轮等,重点阐述了光漫反射纠偏装置的工作原理及纠偏过程。光漫反射纠偏装置的主要原理是通过光漫反射传感器的输出信号来判断滤布的跑偏,根据光漫反射传感器的输出信号,DCS控制系统发送指令启动可伸缩的电动推杆装置来伸长和收缩推杆,从而控制滤布滚轮围绕着旋转点进行相应的倾斜调整,使滤布回到其中心位置。     

Self-Reported Seat Belt Use in Four Countries: A Telephone Survey

A telephone survey was conducted in four countries in November 1998 to compare drivers in the United States with those in Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom regarding their attitudes toward seat belts and belt use laws. More than 90 percent of the 2251 respondents said they thought seat belts are effective, but self-reported belt use was significantly lower in the United States than in the other countries. Respondents in Australia and the United Kingdom had similar views about what they thought were important reasons for using seat belts and had the highest self-reported use. Reasons given for using belts by Canadian and US respondents were quite similar to one another, yet US respondents had significantly lower self-reported use rates, a difference thought to be due to vigorous enforcement of the law in Canada. US drivers were less likely than Australian and UK drivers to say they used belts out of habit, to avoid a ticket, or because it is required by law and more likely to say they used belts for situational reasons. US drivers were least likely to be in favor of belt use laws. Canadian drivers reported the most experience being checked by police for belt use and were most likely to think that nonusers would be caught. US drivers in primary enforcement jurisdictions were more likely than those in secondary jurisdictions to think that drivers not using belts would be caught and more likely to say they always used belts. Results of this survey indicate that seat belt use in the United States could be increased by adoption of primary enforcement laws and highly visible enforcement programs of the type used in Canada, and that seat belt use could be increased in all countries by increasing the penalties for nonuse.     

Underutilization of occupant restraint systems in motor vehicle injury crashes: A quantitative analysis from Qatar

Introduction: Restraint systems (seat belts and airbags) are important tools that improve vehicle occupant safety during motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). We aimed to identify the pattern and impact of the utilization of passenger restraint systems on the outcomes of MVC victims in Qatar.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted for all admitted patients who sustained MVC-related injuries between March 2011 and March 2014 inclusive.

Results: Out of 2,730 road traffic injury cases, 1,830 (67%) sustained MVC-related injuries, of whom 88% were young males, 70% were expatriates, and 53% were drivers. The use of seat belts and airbags was documented in 26 and 2.5% of cases, respectively. Unrestrained passengers had greater injury severity scores, longer hospital stays, and higher rates of pneumonia and mortality compared to restrained passengers (P = .001 for all). There were 311 (17%) ejected cases. Seat belt use was significantly lower and the mortality rate was 3-fold higher in the ejected group compared to the nonejected group (P = .001). The overall mortality was 8.3%. On multivariate regression analysis, predictors of not using a seat belt were being a front seat passenger, driver, or Qatari national and young age. Unrestrained males had a 3-fold increase in mortality in comparison to unrestrained females. The risk of severe injury (relative risk [RR] = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49–2.26, P = .001) and death (RR = 4.13, 95% CI, 2.31–7.38, P = .001) was significantly greater among unrestrained passengers.

Conclusion: The nonuse of seat belts is associated with worse outcomes during MVCs in Qatar. Our study highlights the lower rate of seat belt compliance in young car occupants that results in more severe injuries, longer hospital stays, and higher mortality rates. Therefore, we recommend more effective seat belt awareness and education campaigns, the enforcement of current seat belt laws, their extension to all vehicle occupants, and the adoption of proven interventions that will assure sustained behavioral changes toward improvements in seat belt use in Qatar.     

长江经济带环境规制对工业绿色转型的影响研究

本文立足长江经济带环境规制与工业绿色转型实践，分析了双重市场激励型规制影响工业绿色转型的内在机理，并利用2002—2017年长江经济带11个省市面板数据进行实证分析。研究发现：①双重市场激励型规制均显著地促进了工业绿色转型，但是费用型规制的促进效应存在递减特征。②异质性检验表明，费用型规制对长江中下游地区、人均GDP较高省份以及第二产业占比较高省份的工业绿色转型促进效应更为明显。③中介效应模型检验结果显示，提高末端治理技术是工业绿色转型的重要渠道。④研究还发现，费用型规制对高能耗行业、二氧化硫排放量和粉尘排放量具有显著的抑制效应，投资型规制对废水排放量和固体废物排放量的抑制效应更明显。⑤随着工业绿色转型程度的不断提升，双重市场激励型规制对工业绿色转型的边际效应先后呈现“ L”形骤降特征。因此不断优化与创新环境规制手段，才是持续推进工业绿色转型的关键所在。     

道路绿化带影响大气颗粒物分布实测研究

以福州市西三环快速路某路段为实验靶区，利用微型环境检测仪采集路边细颗粒物(PM_2.5)、亚微米颗粒物(PM_1.0)和黑碳(BC)的空间分布样本，解析其在道路绿化带前后(绿化带前是指干道和辅道外边缘线位置，其他位置均视为绿化带后)的变化特征及原因。结果表明：(1)颗粒物浓度随着采样点远离干道而整体趋于递减，呈现BC>PM_2.5>PM_1.0的衰减率变化特征，且植被稠密的路边环境对应更大的颗粒物浓度降幅。(2)夏季绿化带后的颗粒物浓度降幅高于冬季，冬季绿化带后部分采样点的PM_1.0和PM_2.5浓度甚至有所抬升。在植被茂密的路边环境下，风自干道吹向绿化带情景的路边空气质量介于风自绿化带吹向干道情景和风平行于干道情景之间。(3)BC对交通变化的敏感性高于PM_2.5和PM_1.0,植被茂密的绿化带后的颗粒物浓度降幅会因交通强度的上升而增大。风自干道吹向绿化带时，绿化带对颗粒物的调节作用会随交通源强和季节的变化而不同...     

准噶尔盆地南缘新生代构造演化研究进展

新生代印度-欧亚板块碰撞的远程效应是理解中亚构造格局变化的主要机制。随着其远程效应的北移，位于中亚腹地的准噶尔盆地在周边山脉抬升的影响下，南北缘发生构造活动。基于前人的研究成果，将盆地新生代以来的构造演化概括如下：古新世，因基底断裂复活，盆地北部开始发生逆冲推覆活动；渐新世末期，博格达山脉恢复隆升，古牧地背斜发生构造变形；中新世以来，盆地南缘逐渐形成了三排构造带；上新世末期—更新世以来，北部基底断裂活动，南缘西段和东段分别形成浅层背斜和断裂。目前，由于印度-欧亚板块碰撞远程效应的传播模式仍处于探索阶段，因此需要更多的地质证据来证实它在不同阶段的传播方式以及使盆地发生构造变形的机制。