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491.
492.
为探究长时间跨度的道路积尘变化特征,于2019~2020年对北京市大兴区内主要道路进行尘负荷检测,并于2020年四季收集道路PM10和PM2.5积尘样品,分析化学组分,建立成分谱.结果表明,2019年和2020年大兴区道路尘负荷年均值分别为1.05g/m2和0.74g/m2,2020年大兴区道路尘负荷较2019年下降29.5%.2019年道路尘负荷热点聚集区分散,大兴区内道路尘负荷高值区较多,2020年热点区集中出现在西北部,冷点区集中在东部区域.2020年大兴区道路扬尘排放因子低于2019年,大部分乡镇/街道中,2020年的扬尘排放因子和排放量低于2019年,呈现出东南部 > 中部 > 西北部的趋势.2020年大兴区道路扬尘排放量低于2019年,大兴区南部和西北部乡镇/街道内的扬尘排放量大于中部.受建筑施工活动影响.2020年大兴区道路PM10和PM2.5积尘化学组分中以土壤风沙和建筑施工活动相关的元素为主,Ca、Mg、Si、Al元素分别共占比39.39%和41.71%.对大兴区道路尘负荷进行针对性管控,首先需要对运输车辆进行及时冲洗,降低轮胎的尘土夹带量.其次应加强工地出口至附近1km的道路清扫保洁频次,将工地出口处道路尘负荷对周边道路的辐射影响降低. 相似文献
493.
Junling Li Hong Li Xuezhong Wang Weigang Wang Maofa Ge Hao Zhang Xin Zhang Kun Li Yan Chen Zhenhai Wu Fahe Chai Fan Meng Yujing Mu Abdelwahid Mellouki Fang Bi Yujie Zhang Lingyan Wu Yongchun Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(4):185-197
Understanding the formation mechanisms of secondary air pollution is very important for the formulation of air pollution control countermeasures in China. Thus, a large-scale outdoor atmospheric simulation smog chamber was constructed at Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (the CRAES Chamber), which was designed for simulating the atmospheric photochemical processes under the conditions close to the real atmospheric environment. The chamber consisted of a 56-m3 fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon film reactor, an electrically-driven stainless steel alloy shield, an auxiliary system, and multiple detection instrumentations. By performing a series of characterization experiments, we obtained basic parameters of the CRAES chamber, such as the mixing ability, the background reactivity, and the wall loss rates of gaseous compounds (propene, NO, NO2, ozone) and aerosols (ammonium sulfate). Oxidation experiments were also performed to study the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), including α-pinene ozonolysis, propene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene photooxidation. Temperature and seed effects on the vapor wall loss and SOA yields were obtained in this work: higher temperature and the presence of seed could reduce the vapor wall loss; SOA yield was found to depend inversely on temperature, and the presence of seed could increase SOA yield. The seed was suggested to be used in the chamber to reduce the interaction between the gas phase and chamber walls. The results above showed that the CRAES chamber was reliable and could meet the demands for investigating tropospheric chemistry. 相似文献
494.
Panagiotis Georgios Kanellopoulos Eleni Verouti Eirini Chrysochou Konstantinos Koukoulakis Evangelos Bakeas 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(1):222-238
PM10 samples were collected from an urban/industrial site nearby Athens, where uncontrolled burning activities occur. PAHs, monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic, hydroxycarboxylic and aromatic acids, tracers from BVOC oxidation, biomass burning tracers and bisphenol A were determined. PAH, monocarboxylic acids, biomass burning tracers and bisphenol A were increased during autumn/winter, while BSOA tracers, dicarboxylic- and hydroxycarboxylic acids during summer. Regarding aromatic acids, different sources and formation mechanisms were indicated as benzoic, phthalic and trimellitic acids were peaked during summer whereas p-toluic, isophthalic and terephthalic were more abundant during autumn/winter. The Benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent carcinogenic power, carcinogenic and mutagenic activities were calculated showing significant (p < 0.05) increases during the colder months. Palmitic, succinic and malic acids were the most abundant monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic and hydrocarboxylic acids during the entire sampling period. Isoprene oxidation was the most significant contributor to BSOA as the isoprene-SOA compounds were two times more abundant than the pinene-SOA (13.4 ± 12.3 and 6.1 ± 2.9 ng/m3, respectively). Ozone has significant impact on the formation of many studied compounds showing significant correlations with: isoprene-SOA (r = 0.77), hydrocarboxylic acids (r = 0.69), pinene-SOA (r = 0.63),dicarboxylic acids (r = 0.58), and the sum of phthalic, benzoic and trimellitic acids (r = 0.44). PCA demonstrated five factors that could explain sources including plastic enriched waste burning (30.8%), oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids (23.0%), vehicle missions and cooking (9.2%), biomass burning (7.7%) and oxidation of VOCs (5.8%). The results highlight the significant contribution of plastic waste uncontrolled burning to the overall air quality degradation. 相似文献
495.
钱亚男 《安全.健康和环境》2021,21(3):1-6
针对爆炸过程反应机理异常复杂,实验检测手段对其认识匮乏的现状,综述了量子化学、反应分子动力学等分子模拟方法的特点及研究进展,分析了分子模拟技术在燃爆机理研究中的应用进展,包括量子化学方法对于燃料热解/燃烧、瓦斯等可燃体系爆炸过程的微观基元反应步骤、反应能垒及热力学参数的计算,以及反应分子动力学(ReaxFF MD)在含能材料、可燃混合气等复杂爆炸体系获取可能的反应路径及中间自由基变化的应用。对分子模拟方法在爆炸领域研究的应用提出了建议及展望,指出ReaxFF MD和密度泛函理论(DFT)相结合是一种研究复杂爆炸体系微观反应机理极具潜力的方法,借助先进的分析检测手段对模拟方法的验证及修正,能获取更准确、全面的微观反应动力学模型。 相似文献
496.
针对铝穹顶储罐雷击问题,开展了回击后长持续时间雷电流分量作用下的铝合金板烧蚀损伤试验研究,分析了铝穹顶储罐损伤及油气燃爆风险。结果表明:当直流分量为164 C时,2 mm铝板发生穿孔,铝穹顶储罐存在雷击燃爆风险;当直流分量≤157 C时,未穿孔,背面温度最高为480℃,存在燃爆风险,铝穹顶储罐存在雷击燃爆风险;当直流分量196 C时,4 mm铝板发生穿孔;当直流分量为196 C时,6 mm铝板未发生穿孔,背面温升为125℃,小于205℃,铝穹顶储罐不存在雷击燃爆风险。 相似文献
497.
498.
Dicarboxylic acid concentration trends and sampling artifacts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dicarboxylic acids associated with airborne particulate matter were measured during a summer period in Philadelphia that included multiple air pollution episodes. Samples were collected for two 10 h periods each day using a high-volume sampler with two quartz fiber filters in series, and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) with diazomethane derivatization. Among the dicarboxylic acids investigated, phthalic acid and adipic acid exhibited the greatest diurnal variations and the strongest linear relationship with maximum daily ozone concentration. Dicarboxylic acids and ozone concentration exhibited a poor linear relationship with organic to elemental carbon ratio. All species investigated were affected by significant sampling artifact errors at low concentrations, but sampling errors were negligible at high concentrations observed during ozone episodes. 相似文献
499.
本文采有灰色理论中的预测方法,以90—94年度的降尘监测数据为基础,建立了邯郸市工业居民混合区降尘含量的GM(1,1)预测模型,其数学表达式为:^X(1)(k+1)=56029e0056412k-53083,经三种方法对模型精度检验,由模式计算的预测值与历年的实测值的平均相对误差仅为-0008%,关联度系数γ=0905,后验差比值C=003,模型精度为一级,经与95年度预测值与实测值对比验证,误差274%,说明本模型能真实地反映该区降尘的发展变化规律,预测数据可作为制定该区降尘防治规划的依据。 相似文献
500.
为研究海上钻探平台井喷燃爆事故后果,运用FLACS软件对某深海钻探平台井喷爆炸事故进行模拟,研究在不同事故场景下气云爆炸发展过程及平台荷载分布规律,讨论井喷速率、风向、点火位置等对爆炸超压的影响。研究结果表明:随泄漏速率增加,爆炸强度和爆炸范围均增大,爆炸严重程度不仅与井喷速率密切相关,同时也受平台结构影响;点火位置会对爆炸超压产生影响,在可燃气体与空气混合气体比例为化学理论当量比处点燃气体,生活区承受的爆炸超压最大;在设施及建构筑物分布较为密集、拥塞度较高的地方产生的爆炸超压更大。研究结果可为可为平台的阻隔防爆性能设计与应急响应提供指导。 相似文献