Measuring the violence of dust explosions with the “20 l sphere” and with the standard “ISO 1 m vessel”: Systematic comparison and analysis of the discrepancies

On the basis of a systematic testwork with a number of different dusts, the explosion indices as determined within the 20 l sphere and with the ISO-VDI 1 m³ vessel have been compared. The repeatability has been assessed and since some systematic deviations appear a refined physical analysis of the explosion processes is developed. It appears in particular that the cube root law supposed to link both vessels is not verified. A striking illustration of this appears when a dust with a significant explosion severity inside the 20 l sphere is not even explosible in the larger vessel. It is strongly suggested that the ignition energy is forcing very significantly the explosion in the smaller vessel inducing several tens of Celsius degrees of preheating. It is shown also that the inner level of turbulence is decreasing very fast in the 20 l sphere during the flame development so that difficult-to-ignite mixtures would tend to burn at a lower combustion rate. It is further demonstrated that the major bias between the chambers can be explained and quantified with these elements. A correlation with the standard 1 m³ vessel and a grid of interpretation of the data is proposed.     

滚筒设计参数对粉尘爆炸率影响的研究

利用所建立的数学模型,以国产某型滚筒式采煤机为例,采用计算机模拟的方法,得到了采煤机最大切屑厚度、每线齿数、牵引速度、截线间距、滚筒转速、滚筒直径、叶片头数以及煤岩破碎性能指标与粉尘爆炸率之间的关系曲线,通过分析,确定了各参数对粉尘爆炸率的影响,为预测采煤机工作对粉尘爆炸率的影响、完善采煤机工作性能的评价体系,为改进机器设计、减小采煤机的截割粉尘、降低粉尘爆炸率、提高煤炭生产的安全性提供理论依据。     

惰性气体抑制油气爆炸的机理分析及实验模拟

从经典燃烧学、化学反应动力学的基本理论出发,分析了惰性气体抑制油气爆炸的作用机理,通过试验模拟研究了惰性气体抑制油气爆炸的作用规律,为惰性气体防爆抑爆技术的工艺实施、系统设计和关键参数计算提供了依据.     

钢铁企业动力管道物理爆炸事故风险模糊综合评判

以风险评价理论为基础,根据事故风险率由事故发生可能性和严重性共同确定的原则,应用模糊关系合成原理将影响事故发生可能性和严重性的风险因素进行定量描述,同时应用层次分析法确定各因素权重,建立了钢铁企业动力管道物理爆炸事故风险模糊综合评判模型,最终应用风险矩阵法直观显示出该事故的风险等级。以某钢铁企业为例说明完整的动力管道物理爆炸事故的风险模糊综合评判过程,模型计算结果基本反映该钢铁企业动力管道物理爆炸事故的风险实际水平。     

巷道截面积突变情况下瓦斯爆炸冲击波传播规律的研究

瓦斯爆炸冲击波传播规律是研究冲击波的破坏和伤害机理的前提及依据,笔者利用流体动力学、爆炸动力学理论对巷道截面积突变情况下瓦斯爆炸冲击波传播规律进行理论分析,建立巷道截面积突变情况下冲击波传播的数学模型,得到了冲击波波阵面压力和其他空气动力学参数的表达式,从而得到冲击波波阵面压力过巷道截面积突变面时的变化规律。研究成果丰富了瓦斯爆炸冲击波传播规律理论,对井下瓦斯爆炸安全评价以及制定防灾减灾措施提供了理论基础。     

盐酸装置爆炸事故分析及预防措施

我厂“三合一”盐酸新生产线,新来连续发生5次爆炸事故,经分析事故原因。发现爆炸原因与诸多刊物上发表文章所述类似事故的起因不同,经技术改造后,达到了预防爆炸的功效。     

甲烷/空气混合气燃爆特性的实验研究

对不同初始压力和温度条件下的甲烷/空气混合气的爆炸极限进行实验研究,利用最大-最小准则来确定爆炸极限.分析了温度和压力对甲烷/空气混合气燃爆特性的影响.采用氮气作为惰性气体,对其防爆抑爆效果进行了实验研究.     

70 kt/a硫磺生产装置除尘系统的设计与研究

概述了硫磺粉尘回收系统的研究现状，简要介绍了一套较为成功的设计方案和几个关键设计环节，指出院 今后推广应用的研究重点和发展趋势，该设计方案突出的特点为：防爆性能好的高效多管式旋风除尘器的设计，对管网和排风罩的优化防爆设计，多层次的防爆抑爆设施的设计。     

道氏火灾爆炸指数法在化工品码头危险性评价中的应用

简要介绍了道氏火灾爆炸指数法（第６ 版）的评价过程，并应用该方法对某化工品码头储运生产各工艺环节的火灾爆炸危险性进行了评价。     

Fast flame speeds and rates of pressure rise in the initial period of gas explosions in large L/D cylindrical enclosures

Flame speeds and rates of pressure rise for gaseous explosions in a 76 mm diameter closed cylindrical vessel of large length to diameter ratio (L/D = 21.6), were quantitatively investigated. Methane, propane, ethylene and hydrogen mixtures with air were studied across their respective flammability ranges. Ignition was affected at one end of the vessel. Very fast flame speeds corresponding to high rates of pressure rise were measured in the initial 5–10% of the total explosion time. During this period 20–35% of the maximum explosion pressure was produced, and over half of the flame propagation distance was completed. Previous work has concentrated on the later stages of this type of explosion; the development of tulip flames, pressure wave effects and transition to turbulence. The initial fast phase is very important and should dominate considerations in pressure relief vent design for vessels of large L/D.