Removal of a type of endocrine disruptors-di-n-butyl phthalate from water by ozonation

Ozonation of synthetic water containing a type of endocrine disruptor-di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） was examined. Key impact factors such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, ozone dosage and initial DBP concentration were investigated. In addition, the activities of radicals on uncatalysed and catalysed ozonation were studied. The degradation intermediate products were followed and the kinetic of the ozonation were assessed as well. Results revealed that ozonation of DBP followed two mechanisms. Firstly, the reaction rate of direct ozonation was slower at lower pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Secondly, when these factors were increased for indirect radical reaction, higher percentage of DBP was removed with the increase of the initial ozone dosage and the decrease of the initial DBP concentration. In addition, tea-butanol, humic substances and Fe（Ⅱ） affected DBP ozonation through the radical pathway. It was determined that ozonation was restrained by adding tea-butanol for its radical inhibition effect. Furthermore, humic substances enhanced the reaction to some extent, but a slight negative effect would be encountered if the optimum dosage was exceeded. As a matter of fact, Mn（Ⅱ） affected the ozonation by ＂active sites＂ mechanism. In the experiment, three different kinds of intermediate products were produced during ozonation, but the amount of products for each one of them decreased as pH, temperature, ionic strength and initial ozone dosage increased. A kinetic equation of the reaction between ozone and DBP was obtained.     

A water quality monitoring network design methodology for the selection of critical sampling points: Part II

In order to resolve the spatial component of the design of a water quality monitoring network, a methodology has been developed to identify the critical sampling locations within a watershed. This methodology, called Critical Sampling Points (CSP), focuses on the contaminant total phosphorus (TP), and is applicable to small, predominantly agricultural-forested watersheds. The CSP methodology was translated into a model, called Water Quality Monitoring Station Analysis (WQMSA). It incorporates a geographic information system (GIS) for spatial analysis and data manipulation purposes, a hydrologic/water quality simulation model for estimating TP loads, and an artificial intelligence technology for improved input data representation. The model input data include a number of hydrologic, topographic, soils, vegetative, and land use factors. The model also includes an economic and logistics component. The validity of the CSP methodology was tested on a small experimental Pennsylvanian watershed, for which TP data from a number of single storm events were available for various sampling points within the watershed. A comparison of the ratios of observed to predicted TP loads between sampling points revealed that the model's results were promising.     

How the loss of forest fauna undermines the achievement of the SDGs

The human-driven loss of biodiversity has numerous ecological, social, and economic impacts at the local and global levels, threatening important ecological functions and jeopardizing human well-being. In this perspective, we present an overview of how tropical defaunation—defined as the disappearance of fauna as a result of anthropogenic drivers such as hunting and habitat alteration in tropical forest ecosystems—is interlinked with four selected Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We discuss tropical defaunation related to nutrition and zero hunger (SDG 2), good health and well-being (SDG 3), climate action (SDG 13), and life on land (SDG 15). We propose a range of options on how to study defaunation in future research and how to address the ongoing tropical defaunation crisis, including but not limited to recent insights from policy, conservation management, and development practice.     

浑河沈阳段地表水有机污染物对水环境影响的安全性评估

利用GB3838— 2 0 0 2《地表水质量标准》和美国EPA推荐的“地面水质量标准”对浑河沈阳段地表水中的有机污染状况进行了安全性评估。用两种不同的方法评估 ,结果虽然有所差别 ,但结论是一致的。即 :浑河沈阳段地表水有机污染物十分严重 ,已经对人体健康和生态环境安全构成危害     

焦化厂土壤中多环芳烃分布特征及淋洗粒级分割点确定

土壤粒径分布和污染物在不同粒级土壤中的分布特征是污染土壤淋洗可处理性的重要依据,淋洗粒级分割点则是淋洗工艺的重要参数.根据土壤异位淋洗的技术要求,在焦化厂污染场地进行了采样,测定了土样的粒径分布曲线及不同粒级土壤中美国EPA优控的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的初始浓度,并采用Tween 80和Triton X-100溶液对不同粒级污染土样进行了振荡清洗实验.结果表明,16种PAHs在6个粒级中的总浓度在6.27～40.18 mg/kg范围,呈双峰分布模式,单个PAH污染物的最高浓度大多出现在250～500 μm的颗粒中, 50～75 μm的颗粒中污染物浓度最低;PAHs去除率与其初始浓度及土壤特性有关,初始浓度越低,去除率越高,粗颗粒中由于有机碳含量较高,PAHs去除效率反而低于细颗粒.根据清洗效果并从废物减量化角度出发,确定以50 μm作为土壤淋洗的粒级分割点,这样减容率可以达到82.95％.     

近浅埋煤层覆岩关键层对综采工作面压力的影响分析

为了研究采场在覆岩运动过程中关键层的缺失与否对综采工作面采场矿压的影响效果,采用相似模拟试验和数值模拟,对大柳塔煤矿活鸡兔井1-2煤21304综采工作面在回采期间出现的2次压架事故进行分析。研究结果表明:上覆岩层的关键层缺失与否对下部煤层的开采影响至关重要,尤其是对上部已采单一关键层的煤层回采影响较大,当上煤层的关键层未缺失时回采后形成稳定的砌体梁结构,其下煤层回采也易形成稳定的砌体梁结构,反之亦然;在冲沟发育较深的地形,关键层的形成也会受到冲沟影响,造成部分关键层缺失,当关键层缺失时工作面向坡开采,随着工作面所承受的荷载逐渐增大,出现动载矿压的几率也随之增加,背坡开采则与之相反。     

农村环境质量综合评价技术体系区域适用性验证

长期以来,中国农村环境保护工作基础相对薄弱,国家环保部门于2014年出台《农村环境质量综合评价技术规定(试行)》。研究利用2015—2016年安徽省域的农村环境监测数据,将安徽省重点生态功能区考核县域的数据与其他县域监测数据进行分类整理,采用该技术规定开展农村环境质量综合评价,对评价体系的3个级别指标层面的评价结果进行对比,并通过2组数据的差异性分析,深度剖析评价体系各级指数的结果合理性,验证该评价技术规定的区域适用性;同时,根据各级指标对比中发现的问题,对评价体系的相关指标提出修改完善建议。     

The medicinal and aromatic plants business of Uttarakhand: A mini review of challenges and directions for future research

The medicinal and aromatic plants resources of Uttarakhand, India offer significant opportunities of employment and livelihood for rural communities and contribute a large share in the medicinal and aromatic plants trade of India. With the growing trade of medicinal and aromatic plants resources in the global market, the medicinal and aromatic plants business of Uttarakhand is also continuously growing in terms of trade volume, value and market reach. But, considering the ecological importance as well as unregulated exploitations of these resources, the growing business activities in this sector appear incompatible to the sustainability agenda. Through a mini review, this study assesses the medicinal and aromatic plants sector of Uttarakhand and identifies key challenges that seem incompatible for resource and business sustainability and offers some prospective research directions essential for identifying pragmatic solutions to support sustainability in the sector. This review identifies nine key challenges to sustainability in Uttarakhandʼs medicinal and aromatic plants sector. It is therefore pertinent that future research focus on the prevailing challenges of the medicinal and aromatic plants sector of Uttarakhand to develop strategies for sustainable business prospects.     

基于纠错码的指纹加密算法研究

对指纹加密算法进行整体介绍,并加入纠错机制,设计了带纠错功能的指纹加密算法。该法利用二进制序列发生器生成随机以多项式的系数形式的密钥,将指纹点加密,在密钥恢复阶段用拉格朗日差值来恢复多项式,并利用循环冗余校验码进行校验,可以保证找到最准确的密钥来保证多项式的准确度。实验结果表明:利用带有纠错码的模糊金库算法很好地实现了指纹模板的加密和解密,从而达到了保护生物信息安全的要求;通过密钥长度增长可以提高系统的安全性能。     

安全生产责任的制度整合与伦理道德建设

在分析安全生产责任危机含义和安全生产责任概念基础上,指明安全生产责任体系的"四要素",即道德责任、政治责任、法律责任与管理责任,重点阐明道德责任是该体系的基础要素及其意义。根据对我国现有安全生产责任制度的分析,提出一个关于安全生产责任制度建设的伦理框架:强化安全生产责任意识;用人权伦理原则对安全生产责任制度伦理化;以特定的安全生产责任的伦理规范和准则构建责任规则系统;强化责任主体道德素质培养与监察制度建设,促使其自觉履行好自身应负的安全生产责任。总之,该理论框架为安全生产责任制度建立提供一个新的伦理学基础。