电力系统震后恢复过程及经济损失研究

本文通过专家咨询的方法,调查、分析、研究了我国电力系统的震后恢复过程,给出了电力系统主体部分、分布部分、服务部分震后功能损失的30％、60％和100％得到恢复的时间,计算了损失工作日数和间接经济损失,研究表明,震后恢复时间和损失工作日数均随地震烈度呈对数上升趋势,并且主体部分的震后恢复时间最长,损失工作日数最多,分布部分次之,服务部分的震后恢复时间最短,损失工作日数最少。本文还讨论了电力系统经济损失的分类和计算方法。     

Laboratory calibration of the seismo-acoustic response of CO2 saturated sandstones

Ultrasonic experiments were undertaken on CO₂ flooded sandstone core samples, both synthetic sandstones and core plugs from the CRC1 CO₂ injection well in the Otway Basin, Victoria, South Eastern. Australia. The aim of these laboratory tests was to investigate the effects of CO₂ as a pore fluid on the seismo-acoustic response of the sandstone and ultimately to provide an indication of the sensitivity of time-lapse seismic imaging of the eventual CO₂/CH₄ plume in the Otway, Waarre C formation.The synthetic sandstones were manufactured using both a proprietary calcium in situ precipitation (CIPS) process and a silica cementing technique. Samples were tested in a computer controlled triaxial pressure cell where pore pressures can be controlled independently of the confining pressures. The pressure cell is equipped with ultrasonic transducers housed in the loading platens. Consequently, effective pressures equivalent to those expected in the reservoir can be applied while ultrasonic testing is undertaken. Both compressional, P and shear waves, S were recorded via a digital oscilloscope at a range of effective pressure steps. Pore pressures were varied from 4 MPa to 17 MPa to represent both the gaseous and liquid phase regions of the CO₂ phase diagram. Similar experiments were conducted on core plugs from the Waarre C reservoir horizon obtained from the CRC1 injection well, but with an intervening brine-saturated step and in some cases with a CO₂/CH₄ mix of 80%/20% molar fraction which is representative of the field situation. However, the pore pressure in these experiments was held at 4 MPa. Finally, acoustic impedances and reflection coefficients were calculated for the reservoir using Gassmann theory and the implications for imaging the CO₂ plume is discussed.     

陕西耀县县城建筑物震害预测

对房屋建筑震害预测的“评分法”作了一些改进,并根据陕西耀县县城建筑物的特点,对群体建筑物、重要建筑物和古建筑物分别采取不同的方法进行震害预测,得出了合理的结论,本文的工作方法对其它小城镇的震害预测有一定的参考意义．     

1995年山东苍山5.2级地震构造背景及前兆地震活动特征

简述了苍山ＭＳ５．２地震的基本概况，分析了苍山５２级地震构造背景，据这次地震的余震空间分布、等震线长轴、震源机制解、地震活动条带和地质资料分析认为北西向的苍山 新泰断裂和北东向的荣成 临沂断裂可能是苍山５２级地震的地震断层。在１９８５年６月以前，鲁南地区的地震活动呈随机分布，１９８５年６月以后ＭＬ≥３．０地震主要集中在新泰 苍山 莒县之间的三角地带，来回迁移；１９７４年以后沿苍山 尼山断裂的ＭＬ≥３．０地震都发生在５２级地震震中附近，说明在苍山 尼山断裂与沂沭断裂带交汇区西侧较长时间的能量积蓄。苍山５２级地震前最后发生的两个ＭＬ≥２．０地震与苍山５２级地震震中形成沿地震断层的临震小震活动条带。     

Seismic response mitigation of chemical plant components by passive control techniques

This paper deals with the applicability of seismic passive control in major-hazard chemical installations. The objective is to show numerically and experimentally the applicability of Passive Control Techniques (PCT) in industrial plants. Consequently, the main components of a process plant are classified and collected into a limited number of classes; for each class, the main damages caused by past earthquakes are described and the most vulnerable components are identified. A synthesis of the effects of earthquakes on the different typologies of process components is also presented and the most suitable innovative seismic protection systems, in particular passive control techniques (PCT), are acknowledged. Finally, the effectiveness of PCT in reducing the seismic response of process plant components is proved by three representative case studies: a base isolated above-ground storage tank, a distillation column connected by elastoplastic dampers to the adjacent service frame and an application of non-conventional Tuned Mass Dampers to a support frame.     

Impact of four-dimensional seismic and production activities on the mangrove systems of the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Reconnaissance survey and laboratory appraisal of the mangrove system in seven communities in the Niger Delta (Nigeria) endangered by seismic and production operations revealed several alterations of soil, sediment, and vegetation. Hydrocarbon content in the range of 0.3-1.1 mg/100 g was extracted within the proximities of spill sources and seismic lines. The prospect area covered by our investigation was characterized by a mixed mangrove forest dominated by Rhizophora racemosa. It was observed that the construction of the seismic lines was responsible for the vegetal disorientation recurrent in the area. The grass, Paspalum vaginatum, and the saltwater fern, Acrostichum aureum, were found at the fringe of most dredge spoils. The characteristic tidal inundation which increases mobility of the substrate, salinity fluctuation, and anoxia may also have contributed, at least in part, to the observed despoliation of some of these species found within the vicinities of the seismic lines and hydrocarbon percolation. Extensive revegetation program is recommended to ensure an effective restoration process of this ecologically fragile zone.     

论地震谣传与社会信息沟通

地震谣言和地震误传的产生过程是社会信息沟通的过程,也是一种社会心理现象。分析研究我国十多年来所发生的地震谣传;无一不是社会信息沟通的结果。为了利用社会信息沟通对地震谣言、误传进行有效的控制,作者提出了地震谣言、误传在社会信息沟通中的控制原则和一般的对策模式,为社会组织提供在地震谣传事件中的决策依据。     

不同地震荷载对黄土动模量和阻尼比的影响

不同地震荷载对黄土的动力特性有着重要影响。本文利用微机与我们组装的DSD160型电磁式振动三轴仪组成的一个可对试样施加任意波轴向荷载的动三轴试验系统，对黄土在不同地震荷载下的动模量和阻尼比进行了对比试验研究，初步得到了不同地震荷载对一组黄土的动模量及阻尼比影响的一些结果。     

城市地震灾害风险评价的数学模型

本文用模糊集方法建立了城市地震灾害风险评价的数学模型，是文献［１，２］所述风险模型在地震灾害分析中的具体应用。本文详细介绍了如何确定模糊超越率μｚ（ｙ，ｘ）的途径，并提供了计算承灾体灾害程度可能性分布ＰＯＳＳ（ｌ，ｙ）的方法。     

南京地震台“九五”期间的环境改造

南京地震台在“九五”期间 ,根据与周围环境协调一致、对外开放、超前技术考虑、保护观测环境等原则对台站环境进行了改造 ,取得了较好效果。