基于HPR在线监测控制SBR曝气历时实现短程脱氮

应用新型自动呼吸-滴定测量仪在线测量pH值、HPR等信号,进行了在SBR内实现短程脱氮的研究.采用SBR处理人工合成废水,COD和NH4+-N浓度分别为360,40mg/L,温度稳定在20℃,DO低于2mg/L,基于HPR在线监测控制SBR曝气历时.运行约60d后,亚硝酸盐积累率达到88%,COD和NH4+-N去除率均在90%以上,稳定实现了短程硝化反硝化.应用HPR估计硝化过程的NH4+-N浓度发现,NH4+-N实测值与基于HPR的计算值间存在良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9722;计算值整体低于实测值,主要是由曝气初期的滴定启动滞后所致.     

HABR系统实现固相异养与单质硫自养集成反硝化试验

采用连续流运行方式,将含NO₃--N的原水依次通过HABR(复合式厌氧折流板反应器)内添加木屑(第1系统)和硫磺颗粒(第2系统)的2个系统,在温度为(25±1)℃的条件下,将NO₃--N容积负荷由72g/(m3·d)逐渐提高至80和96g/(m3·d),在不需投加传统型外加碳源的条件下实现了固相异养与单质硫自养的集成反硝化. 结果表明:进水NO₃--N容积负荷为96g/(m3·d)时,系统NO₃--N总去除率达到99.0％,第1系统和第2系统对NO₃--N的去除率贡献各为50.0％;系统出水ρ(COD_Mn)为5.74～10.05mg/L,ρ(SO₄2-)为405～870mg/L,并且没有NH₄+-N和NO₂--N的积累. 第1系统产生的碱度能部分中和第2系统内产生的酸,进水、第1系统、第2系统出水pH分别为7.5、7.5～7.6、6.5～7.2,使硫自养反硝化系统呈现出较强的pH平衡能力,不需外加石灰石调节碱度即可为反硝化细菌提供较适宜的中性生存环境. 系统在pH平衡能力和NO₃--N去除效果2个方面均表现出良好的协同作用,并且通过集成反硝化作用弥补了2个系统单独运行时反硝化过程效率低的缺点,较传统异养型生物反硝化降低了运行成本.      

USSB厌氧反应器-好氧工艺处理生活污水

对上流式分段污泥床(Upflow Staged Sludge Bed)反应器与好氧组合工艺处理生活污水进行了试验研究。结果表明：当生活污水中COD、氨氮和总磷(rP)质量浓度分别在100～580mg／L、13．4～33．6mg／L和1．6～10．8mg／L2之间变化时。经该组合工艺处理后,三者的去除率分别在77％、53．4％和51．4％以上,出水中COD和Nng—N浓度达到GB8978—1996一级排放标准,即浓度也基本达到GB8978—1996二级排放标准,取得了良好的运行效果。     

生物脱氮除磷机理及技术进展

生物脱氮除磷技术一直是污水处理领域所关注的重点。笔者介绍了传统生物脱氮除磷机理及其相关进展,并从反应器和机理两方面介绍了几种高效、经济、实用的生物脱氮除磷工艺。     

上流式厌氧污泥反应器在石化高浓度废水预处理中的应用

为了更加有效地处理己内酰胺高浓度废水,在原A/O处理系统前采用上流式厌氧污泥反应器先对高浓度己内酰胺废水进行预处理.工业应用结果表明:由于己内酰胺高浓度废水中含有大量的硫酸盐、磷酸盐和硝酸盐等无机酸盐,因此必须严格控制反应系统进水的pH值在5.5～6.5之间,以有效保证系统平稳运行,防止酸化;当COD控制在8000～12000mg/L时,COD的去除率可达到55%以上,达到了处理后的水质要求.     

Metallic wastewater treatment by sulfate reduction using anaerobic rotating biological contactor reactor under high metal loading conditions

An-RBC reactor is highly suited to treat metallic wastewater. Metal removal is due to sulfide precipitation via sulfate reduction by SRB. Cu(II) removal was the best among the different heavy metals. Maximum metal removal is achieved at low metal loading condition. Metal removal matched well with the solubility product values of respective metal sulfide salts. This study was aimed at investigating the performance of anaerobic rotating biological contactor reactor treating synthetic wastewater containing a mixture of heavy metals under sulfate reducing condition. Statistically valid factorial design of experiments was carried out to understand the dynamics of metal removal using this bioreactor system. Copper removal was maximum (>98%), followed by other heavy metals at their respective low inlet concentrations. Metal loading rates less than 3.7 mg/L?h in case of Cu(II); less than 1.69 mg/L?h for Ni(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Fe(III) and Cd(II) are favorable to the performance of the An-RBC reactor. Removal efficiency of the heavy metals from mixture depended on the metal species and their inlet loading concentrations. Analysis of metal precipitates formed in the sulfidogenic bioreactor by field emission scanning electron microscopy along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX) confirmed metal sulfide precipitation by SRB. All these results clearly revealed that the attached growth biofilm bioreactor is well suited for heavy metal removal from complex mixture.     

不同基质条件下厌氧氨氧化SMBBR启动特性研究

通过接种某城市污水处理厂好氧池生物膜,采用NH₄⁺-N+NO₂^--N （SMBBR-1）和NH₄⁺-N+NO₃^--N+HAc （SMBBR-2）两种进水基质启动厌氧氨氧化序批式移动床生物膜反应器（Sequencing Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor,SMBBR）,研究不同基质条件下反应器的启动特性.结果表明,两反应器在运行100 d后均成功启动并稳定运行,在进水负荷分别为0.83和0.32 kg·m^-3·d^-1（以N计）的条件下,氮去除率分别达到81.82%±1.20%和66.35%±4.79%.活性测定结果显示,SMBBR-1和SMBBR-2中Anammox活性分别达到6448.32和1980.32 mg·m^-2·d^-1,表明Anammox菌被成功富集.高通量结果显示,SMBBR-1和SMBBR-2中启动成功后的Anammox菌由Ca.Brocadia和Ca.Jettenia组成,其中,Ca.Brocadia占比分别为11.02%和7.57%,Ca.Jettenia占比分别为2.07%和0.56%.除Anammox菌外,SMBBR-2中还包括Thauera（2.84%）和Flavobacterium菌（0.66%）,其为部分反硝化菌的主导菌属.本研究表明,虽然两种不同基质的启动办法各有利弊,但其均能实现厌氧氨氧化SMBBR的启动,可为主流系统内的Anammox菌快速富集培养提供技术支撑.     

Optimization of phosphorus removal in uniFed SBR system for domestic wastewater treatment

The characteristic of phosphorus removal and appropriate change of the traditional operation modes were investigated in UniFed sequencing batch reactor (SBR) laboratory-scale apparatus (40 L), treating actual domestic wastewater with low ratios of C/N (2.57) and C/P (30.18), providing theoretical basis for actual application of wastewater treatment plant. UniFed SBR system with its unique operation mode had the distinct superiority of phosphorus removal. On this occasion, the effect of volumetric exchange ratio (VER) and the method of influent introduction for phosphorus removal were studied. When the carbon source became the limiting factor to phosphorus release, the higher the VER, the lower the phosphorus concentration in the effluent. Three different influent patterns, including one-time filling, four-time filling, and continuous filling with the same quantity of wastewater could increase the release rate of anaerobic phosphorus from 0.082 to 0.143 mg·P·(L·min)^-1. Appropriate change of the traditional operation modes could optimize the efficiency of phosphorus removal. When the feed/ decant time was extended from 2 h to 4 h, the phosphorous removal efficiency increased from 59.93% to 88.45% without any external carbon source. In the mode of alternation of anoxic-aerobic (A/O) condition, phosphorous removal efficiency increased from 55.07% to 72.27% clearly. The carbon source in the influent can be used adequately, and denitrifying phosphorus removal was carried out in anoxic stage 2 (A2). This mode was optimal for the treatment of actual domestic wastewater with low C/N and C/P ratios.     

ABR耦合间歇曝气MBR工艺处理生活污水研究

为降低膜生物反应器(MBR)运行能耗和延缓膜污染,以厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)-MBR工艺处理生活污水为例,采用间歇曝气和添加颗粒填料两种方式对工艺脱氮除磷运行条件和膜污染问题进行研究.结果表明,增大间歇曝气时间有利于提高氮磷的去除效果,对COD、NH4+-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为91%、95%、84%和92%(工况4),而添加颗粒填料对氮磷的去除没有显著影响.双重好氧-缺氧交替环境强化了工艺对磷的去除.添加颗粒填料比间歇曝气更能有效延缓膜污染,同时改变了膜污染的形成过程,膜内部污染物含量显著增多,与泥饼层相比,多糖成为了膜污染的主要因素,不会对膜组件本身构成危害,增强了MBR反应器的实际应用性能.     

电辅助对厌氧折流板反应器处理高浓度有机废水的影响

为探究电辅助对ABR(厌氧折流板反应器)处理高浓度有机废水效能的影响,在温度为(35±1)℃、HRT(水力停留时间)为24 h、进水ρ(COD_Cr)维持在5 000 mg/L的情况下,研究电辅助位置对COD_Cr去除率、各格室VFA(挥发性脂肪酸)质量浓度和组成以及微生物群落的影响. 结果表明:①电辅助作用于反应器第1格室时,COD_Cr去除率达最大值(83.19%),较对照组提高约15.23%;1#-1格室ρ(乙酸)提高约23.26%,而ρ(丙酸)下降78.09%,说明电辅助能有效提高产氢产乙酸菌丙酸转化乙酸能力,有利于反应器性能提高. ②当电辅助添加在第2格室时,2#-2格室ρ(乙酸)略有下降,而ρ(丙酸)提高近4.2倍,电辅助对水解发酵菌促进效果明显,作用格室表现为乙酸-丙酸发酵类型. ③电辅助ABR各格室微生物群落结构的相似度均在70.0%以下,表明电辅助在强化不同优势菌群的同时改变了微生物种群结构.