除磷亚硝化颗粒工艺启动及性能恢复

针对生活污水低碳氮比的水质特点,采用SBR反应器接种低温储存的强化生物除磷颗粒污泥,来启动除磷亚硝化颗粒工艺,通过控制曝气强度及污泥龄实现除磷亚硝化的稳定运行,为后置CANON或厌氧氨氧化工艺(ANAMMOX)提供进水.污泥龄为30 d的条件下实现了出水TP小于0. 5 mg·L~(-1),COD浓度小于50 mg·L~(-1),亚硝酸盐氮积累率达到了90%以上.实验还得出,过高的曝气强度使除磷亚硝化性能恶化,可采用降低曝气强度和减小污泥龄的方式来改善除磷性能.污泥龄为40 d可以实现生活污水除磷亚硝化中的亚硝化性能进一步恢复,最终实现出水磷浓度保持在0. 5 mg·L~(-1)以下,COD及TP去除率分别稳定在80%及95%,亚硝酸盐积累率保持在90%以上,SVI值从初始的63 m L·g~(-1)降低到35 m L·g~(-1),颗粒污泥沉降性能良好,颗粒粒径在整个运行过程中保持在1 000μm以上.     

内循环生物流化床反应器的理论分析

从反应器理论、生物膜动力学及水力学的角度对内循环式三相生物流化床反应器的流态、生物膜降解有机物及启动挂膜特性进行分析,认为在内循环三相流化床中Ｄ／ｕｄ＝ｃｏｎｓｔ,对于一般城市污水处理系统求出了效率因子,建立了内循环速度与反应器尺寸的关系,同时提出了可能进一步提高反应器处理效率的优化途径。     

多菌种生物膜内各菌种生物量的动力学推定及验证

以Monod模型为基准,推导多菌种生物膜内各菌种生物量的推定模型.以东深供水原水生物预处理工程为研究对象,对生物填料进行静态、批量实验,推算生物膜内亚硝化菌（AOB）和硝化菌（NOB）在生物池内的沿程分布规律及其基质限制条件;进行生物膜内AOB和NOB的培养计数实验及反应器系统出水模拟,验证生物量推定结果.结果表明：多菌种生物膜内AOB和NOB生物量的动力学推定,方法简单、可行;生物膜内AOB和NOB的活性生物量沿池长均呈两头低中间高的特殊分布;膜内AOB和NOB的活性生物量分别占相应总生物量的68.2%～74.2%和25.0%～29.9%;以这些活性的AOB和NOB生物量推定结果进行反应器系统出水模拟效果相当理想.     

低温SBR反硝化过程亚硝态氮积累试验研究

采用SBR法处理经缺氧/厌氧UASB预处理的渗滤液,在SBR反硝化过程观察到明显的亚硝态氮积累现象.在此基础上,为深入了解反硝化过程亚硝态氮积累的机制,考察低温条件下5种类型碳源(甲醇、乙醇、乙酸钠、丙酸钠和葡萄糖)对SBR反硝化过程亚硝态氮积累的影响.结果表明,在温度为13.9℃情况下,甲醇、乙醇、乙酸钠、丙酸钠为反硝化碳源时,系统内均发生明显的亚硝态氮积累.此外,4种不同初始NO_3~--N浓度(64.9、 54.8、 49.3、 29.5 mg/L)还原过程中, NO_2~--N最大积累浓度分别为37.8、 21.5、 25.2、 18.8 mg/L,积累速率(N/VSS·t)分别为 0.117、 0.136、 0.235、 0.068 g/(g·d),并且ORP曲线先后出现"nitrate knee"和"nitrite knee"2个拐点,可分别指示NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N还原反应结束.     

HZSM-5分子筛固定床分离水体中硝基氯苯异构体

以Al₂O₃为粘结剂对粉末状HZSM-5分子筛成型,并通过HZSM-5分子筛固定床分离水体中硝基氯苯异构体.研究流量对分子筛固定床动态吸附与温度、流量对固定床动态脱附的影响,得出其动态吸附-脱附最优化条件:吸附流量25 mL/h;处理量1.35 L/批次;脱附温度40 ℃;脱附流量10 mL/h.设计了双柱串联吸附实验,以直接高效分离水体中的对硝基氯苯与邻硝基氯苯.结果表明,采用双柱串联吸附-脱附工艺,可从硝基氯苯混合液中同时回收纯度高于95%的对硝基氯苯和邻硝基氯苯,且动态吸附-脱附实验具有较好的重现性.      

基于高通量测序的ABR厌氧氨氧化反应器各隔室细菌群落特征分析

为明确厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)稳定运行厌氧氨氧化反应后各隔室微生物群落结构特征,本文采用Miseq高通量测序分析技术,对ABR厌氧氨氧化反应器5个隔室的微生物分布规律进行了研究,结果表明,ABR反应器中脱氮微生物多样性较为丰富,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)占11.66%~20.28%,浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)占2.18%~7.94%,硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)占0.19%~6.30%.其中,在ABR反应器中变形菌门占据主导地位,主要包含Rhodoplanes、Dok59、Rubrivivax和Bdellovibrio等菌属,浮酶菌门次之,主要包含Candidatus brocadia和Candidatus kuenenia菌属.从第1~5隔室,污泥表观红色逐渐减退,趋向于灰黑色,Chao、ACE、Shannon、Simpson指数均表明微生物群落丰富度逐渐增加,且变形菌门微生物逐渐增加,而浮霉菌门微生物逐渐降低,这与基质的降解和功能微生物的富集规律相一致.     

SBBR工艺的现状与发展

序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)是目前正在研究、应用的一种污水生物处理新工艺，它是在SBR的基础上发展起来的，既保留了SBR的诸多优点，又有不同于SBR的特点。由于SBBR工艺的脱氮除磷效果好，自动化程度高，运行管理简单，基建费用低，运行费用省，推广到城市污水处理中，必将产生良好的环境效益和社会效益，其应用前景十分广阔。     

Simultaneous removal of COD and nitrogen using a novel carbon-membrane aerated biofilm reactor

A membrane aerated biofilm reactor is a promising technology for wastewater treatment. In this study, a carbon-membrane aerated biofilm reactor （CMABR） has been developed, to remove carbon organics and nitrogen simultaneously from one reactor. The results showed that CMABR has a high chemical oxygen demand （COD） and nitrogen removal efficiency, as it is operated with a hydraulic retention time （HRT） of 20 h, and it also showed a perfect performance, even if the HRT was shortened to 12 h. In this period, the removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia nitrogen （NH4^＋-N）, and total nitrogen （TN） reached 86%, 94%, and 84%, respectively. However, the removal efficiencies of NH4^＋-N and TN declined rapidly as the HRT was shortened to 8 h. This is because of the excessive growth of biomass on the nonwoven fiber and very high organic loading rate. The fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） analysis indicated that the ammonia oxidizing bacteria （AOB） were mainly distributed in the inner layer of the biofilm. The coexistence of AOB and eubacteria in one biofilm can enhance the simultaneous removal of COD and nitrogen.     

Effect of inorganic carbon on anaerobic ammonium oxidation enriched in sequencing batch reactor

The present lab-scale research reveals the enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation microorganism from methanogenic anaerobic granular sludge and the effect of inorganic carbon(sodium bicarbonate)on anaerobic ammonium oxidation.The enrichment of anammox bacteria was carried out in a 7.0-L sequencing batch reactor(SBR)and the effect of bicarbonate on anammox was conducted in a 3.0-L SBR.Research results,especially the biomass,showed first signs of anammox activity after 54 d cultivation with synthetic w...     

Effects of operational factors on soluble microbial products in a carrier anaerobic baffled reactor treating dilute wastewater

The effects of feed strength,hydraulic residence time(HRT),and operational temperatures on soluble microbial product(SMP) production were investigated,to gain insights into the production mechanism.A carrier anaerobic batfled reactor (CABR) treating dilute wastewater was operated under a wide range of operational conditions,namely,feed strengths of 300-600 mg/L,HRTs of 9-18 h,and temperatures of 10-28℃.Generally, SMP production increased with increasing feed strength and decreasing temperature.At high temperature (28℃),SMP production increased with decreasing HRT. As the temperature Was decreased to 18 and 10℃.the SMP production was at its peak for 12 h HRT Therefore,temperature could be an important determinant of SMP production along with HRT. A higher SMP to soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) ratio Was found at high temperature and long HRT because of complete volatile fatty acid degradation.SMP accounted for 50%-75% of the SCOD in the last chamber of the CABR.As a secondary metabolite.some SMP could be consumed at lower feed strength.