Treatment of domestic wastewater using an anaerobic baffled reactor followed by a duckweed pond for agricultural purposes

The treatment and reuse of domestic wastewater using an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) followed by a duckweed pond (DWP) were the main theme of the present study. The ABR was fed continuously with domestic wastewater at four HRTs ranging from 8 to 24 h and corresponds to organic loading rates ranging from 0.67 to 2.1 kg COD/m³/day. The ABR effluent was fed to a DWP operating at 10 and 15 days. The performance of the ABR at the four HRTs gave satisfactory results. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was between 68 and 82%. Fecal coliform removal was between 1 to 2 logs. The 12- and 18-h hydraulic retention times (HRTs) gave close results, as indication of the possible selection of the 12-h HRT as the optimum operation for the ABR based on economic advantage. The ABR compartmentalized structure gave results higher than those produced by the one-stage digester and similar to those produced by the two-phase anaerobic digestion process. Duckweed ponds as post-treatment operated at 10 days and 15 days gave the best results at 15-day HRT, where it was possible to remove 73.4% of nitrogen and 65% of phosphorus and produce protein-rich dry duckweed of 105 kg/ha/day on average. The removal of fecal coliform (FC) in duckweed ponds was 3–4 logs. The final treated domestic sewage characteristics proved its compliance with the Egyptian standards for reuse in restricted irrigation.     

序批式生物膜反应器不同填料挂膜及短程硝化特性研究

以实际生活污水为研究对象,采用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR),填充不同种类的填料,针对其各自的挂膜特征和短程硝化的实现与稳定的特性进行了研究.结果表明,与立方体海绵填料相比,炭纤维填料的SBBR能够更快地实现挂膜启动,硝化效果稳定、高效(NH_4~+-N去除率高达99.3%);立方体海绵填料更易在常温下,实现NO_2~--N大量积累的短程硝化,但是相比而言,硝化效率不高.升高温度至30 ℃左右时,能够在30 d内实现炭纤维填料的短程硝化,通过过程控制可以实现短程硝化的稳定.荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)检测结果证实,SBBR中短程硝化的实现与稳定是因为菌群得到了优化,氨氧化细菌成为优势菌种.     

厌氧颗粒污泥启动复合式厌氧折流板反应器的研究

研究以厌氧颗粒污泥接种的复合式厌氧折流板反应器(HABR)启动：在HABR中直接接种厌氧颗粒污泥,以退浆废水为试验进水,在系统水力停留时间为168 h,中温(32±1) ℃,进水pH值6.5～8,碱度适当偏高条件下,进入反应器废水COD浓度由1 800 mg/L逐渐提高到13 520 mg/L,运行60 d后系统COD去除率最低为45%,并且保持稳定,出水pH值和碱度相对比较稳定,污泥明显呈颗粒状,反应器启动完成。反应器可以在短时间内重新启动,污泥活性很快得到恢复。     

垃圾渗滤液同时硝化反硝化处理中有机污染物去除效果

采用同时硝化反硝化对某垃圾填埋场渗滤液进行处理,并对有机物去除效果进行分析。实验结果表明,反应器对渗滤液中COD、氨氮、总氮和部分有机物具有较好的处理效果,COD、氨氮和总氮的平均去除率为82.34%、99.82%和65.31%。GC-MS分析总共检测出53种主要有机污染物,其中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯等29种有机物的去除率达100%,乙基苯等5种有机物的去除率高于90%,邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯等8种有机物的去除率介于60%和90%之间,此外还有4-苯基戊醇等5种有机物去除率低于60%。反应器内存在亚硝氮途径的脱氮反应形式。     

Two-stage biodegradation coupled with ultrafiltration for treatment of municipal landfill leachate

The municipal landfill leachate was treated in a hydrolysis–acidification reactor (HAR)/aerobic bio-contact oxidation reactor (ABOR) following a pretreatment with ultrafiltration (UF) membrane. Experiments were conducted continuously for 44 days at a constant flow rate of 20 l d⁻¹ and organic loading rates (OLRs) from 0.75 to 1.5 kgCOD m⁻³ per day. The results showed that COD of the leachate steadily decreased from 20,015 mg l⁻¹ to less than 3000 mg l⁻¹, and NH₄-N decreased from 368.6 mg l⁻¹ to 259.3 mg l⁻¹ in the UF process. The COD and NH₄-N removal efficiency of HAR was 56.7% and 27.7%, and that of ABOR was 94.6% and 86.7%, respectively. The total COD and NH₄-N removal efficiency reached 99.6% and 93.2%, respectively. UF and HAR played a critical role in raising the biodegradability of the landfill leachate, while ABOR had an important function on removing the dissolved NH₄-N in leachate.     

低温条件下摇动床生物膜反应器处理生活污水的中试研究

采用摇动床生物膜反应器,在中国北方冬春季5～10℃的低温条件下,以城市生活污水处理厂的二级处理出水为水源进行了工作体积4.8 m3的反应器深度处理的中试研究。中试过程以COD、NH4+-N和浊度的去除率为考察指标。实验结果表明:反应器对生活污水深度处理的合适的工艺参数为进水温度10℃,停留时间(HRT)4.8 h,气水比4∶1,曝气量4 m3/h,水流量1.0 m3/h,采用每间隔4 h曝气4 h的间歇式曝气方式;在低温条件下,对污水的COD和NH4+-N的去除率分别为30%和50%,而对浊度的去除率较低。中试表明,摇动床生物膜反应器可应用于中国北方冬春季低温条件下对水中COD和NH4+-N的去除。     

固定床厌氧反应器处理高浓度禽畜粪尿

为开展高效厌氧生物技术处理家禽粪便的应用研究,试验依据固定床厌氧反应器(anaerobic pecked bed reac-tor)的特点,设计了一个有效容积为20 L的高效厌氧反应器,以猪粪尿为发酵原料,进水COD浓度范围在4 820~54 000mg/L,实验过程为55 d。按进料的水力停留时间可将实验划分为2个阶段:前期(44 d)和后期(11 d),前期通过提高进料浓度直接提高反应器处理浓度,水力停留时间保持为2 d,每7~8 d为一个周期;后期通过缩短水力停留时间间接提高反应器处理浓度,进料浓度保持不变,每2~3 d为一个周期。通过对厌氧处理系统运行过程中COD、pH、挥发性成分、TN、TP和NH3-N含量的测定,分析了该系统运行特点。结果表明:在发酵的第1~55 d,整个厌氧处理系统能够稳定运行,COD去除率稳定在67%~88%之间;对TN、TP、NH3-N都有很好的去除能力。     

一种新型可控堆肥反应器系统的快速好氧堆肥实验

研究自制可控堆肥反应器对城市污泥进行快速好氧堆肥的工艺效能。实验结果表明:新型堆肥反应器的可控性强。当初始入料堆体温度控制在40℃左右,含水率控制在50%左右时,堆体温度能在第3天就升至55℃以上,并维持5 d以上。含水率、pH、电导率、种子发芽指数(G I)和可挥发性固体(VS)等指标均具有良好的变化规律,均可作为堆肥腐熟度的表征和评价参数。反应器13 d即可完成一个堆肥周期,且堆肥产品的腐熟程度极高。     

An overview on biogas generation from anaerobic digestion of food waste

Food waste is an inevitable type of waste in every city, and its treatment technology evolves with time. Due to the high organic content and high biodegradability of food waste, anaerobic digestion becomes a commonly accepted treatment method to deal with it. This review article summarizes key factors for anaerobic digestion and provides useful information for successful anaerobic digestions. Reasonable temperature and pH are essential for a successful and productive anaerobic digestion process. A good inoculum to substrate ratio triggers a profitable food waste digestion. Good mixing and small particle sizes are important factors too. In addition, the pros and cons of different reactors to food waste digestion are highlighted. Moreover, co-digestion of food waste with animal manures, sewage sludge, and green waste were introduced.     

盐度对序批式反应器与间歇曝气膜生物反应器污水处理效果的影响

采用序批式反应器(SBR)与间歇曝气膜生物反应器(IAMBR)处理模拟生活污水,考察了进水盐度对两反应器污水处理效果的影响。研究表明,当进水盐度为0g/L(以NaCl质量浓度计,下同)时,SBR和IAMBR对总有机碳(TOC)、NH4+-N及TN的去除能力相当,IAMBR未表现出明显的优势;当进水盐度为10g/L时,SBR和IAMBR对TOC、NH4+-N及TN的去除产生明显的差异。IAMBR因为膜的截留与微生物富集作用,对污染物的去除无明显变化,依然保持了较高的污染物去除率,而SBR受盐度冲击影响较大,TOC、NH4+-N及TN的去除率均大幅降低,说明IAMBR具有较高的抗盐度冲击性能。