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61.
This study aimed to optimise the methodology for the use of Corophium insidiosum in a bioassay. Taking into account that it would be suitable to execute the bioassay with organisms having a good sensitivity
during the year and low mortality in control sediment, the influence of different temperatures (10–15–20 and 25°C) has been
examined. C. insidiosum was collected during August, November 2005 and January 2006, in Mar Piccolo basin (Ionian sea). The results obtained show
that this species mortality in the negative control sediment, ranged from 2.6 ± 0.6% at 10°C in August to 17 ± 2.2% at 20°C
in November, at different temperatures tested. At 20°C there were significant differences in mortality among different months
examined. Indeed no relationship among months was found at 15°C. Significant differences between August and November at 25°C,
between November and January were not found at 10°C. The 96-h LC50 values found for cadmium at all temperature experimental
conditions ranged from 2.11 mg/l (1.57–2.82) to 0.70 mg/l (0.54–0.93). The highest values were found at 10°C in November and
January. The results showed that the optimal temperature for the bioassay seems to be between 15°C and 20°C. Even if, at 20°C
the mortality differs significantly among organisms sampled. 相似文献
62.
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64.
Land use change and carbon exchange in the tropics: III. Structure,basic equations,and sensitivity analysis of the model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The rationale, assumptions, structure and basic mathematical functions of the model used to produce the simulation results reported in the first two articles of this series are described in detail. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the most important parameters in the model, and, presumably, in the carbon exchange between tropical forests and the atmosphere, are: (a) the conversion rate of forests to permanent pasture and agriculture, (b) the changes that are occurring and have occurred in the shifting cultivation system, and (c) the fate of cleared vegetation. Although it is not possible to validate the model against direct measurements of carbon exchange, the model has been proven robust when subject to a series of explicit analyses and comparisons with other assessments. 相似文献
65.
This map (see the inside back cover of this issue) illustrates the regional patterns of mean annual alkalinity of surface water in the northern portions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, USA. It provides a qualitative graphic overview of the relative potential sensitivity of surface waters to acidic input in the upper midwest portions of the United States. The map is based on data from approximately 14,000 lakes and streams and the apparent spatial associations between these data and macroscale watershed characteristics that are thought to affect alkalinity.For the map of the Upper Midwest Region of the United States, see the inside back cover of this issue. 相似文献
66.
Kaixuan Zheng Xingshen Luo Yiqi Tan Zhonglei Li Hongtao Wang Tan Chen Li Zhao Liangtong Zhan 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(12):156
67.
Rava M Crainicianu C Marcon A Cazzoletti L Pironi V Silocchi C Ricci P de Marco R 《Environment international》2012,38(1):37-44
Increased prevalence of respiratory and irritation symptoms was found in children who live near a large wood industrial park. Proximity to the wood industries was used as indicator of exposure. This study describes a sensitivity analysis for the results of the survey. All the children (3-14 years) living in the area were surveyed through a parental questionnaire (n = 3854) and their addresses were geocoded. The distances from each child's home and school to the closest industry were combined, weighted and used as an indicator of exposure. A sensitivity analysis was performed to check 1) the robustness of the results to the choice of weights used for defining the exposure indicator, 2) the effect of outliers on risk estimates and 3) the sensitivity on the functional form used for modeling the dose-response function. The choice of the weights did not influence the association between proximity to the industries and respiratory symptoms. Excluding the subjects who lived far away from the industries showed that in a radius of 5 km from the industries the study did not had enough power to estimate a gradient in the dose-response function. Besides, results were sensitive to the choice of the functional form used for modeling the minimum distance. The sensitivity analyses confirmed the overall increasing trend of respiratory symptoms with proximity to the industries and pointed out that all the assumptions made for defining a proxy of exposure need to be carefully checked. 相似文献
68.
为了探求一氧化碳与水蒸汽参与瓦斯爆炸的化学反应动力学过程的阻尼效应,建立了受限空间中瓦斯爆炸反应的数学模型。数值计算结果表明,结果表明在瓦斯爆炸过程中,瓦斯-空气混合气体含有10%的一氧化碳,虽然会延迟瓦斯爆炸时间,抑制瓦斯爆炸,但是H、O自由基浓度、瓦斯爆炸温度和压力比不加入一氧化碳时升高,同时对CO2、NO的生成起促进作用;当混合气体中含有10%的水蒸汽时,H、O自由基浓度降低,瓦斯爆炸温度和压力也随之降低,致灾性气体CO2、NO的生成得到抑制。虽然一氧化碳对瓦斯爆炸有一定的阻尼效应,但是由于一氧化碳对部分致灾性气体的生成有促进作用,因此,在阻尼瓦斯爆炸方面,水蒸汽的效果要好于一氧化碳。 相似文献
69.
Most metapopulation models neglect the local dynamics, and systems characterized by slow population turnover, time lags and non-equilibrium, are only rarely examined within a metapopulation context. In this study we used a realistic, spatially explicit, dynamic metapopulation model of a long-lived grassland plant, Succisa pratensis, to examine the relative importance of local population dynamics, and short and long-distance dispersal of seeds. 相似文献
70.
Ammonium nitrate is one of the most widespread contaminants related with the viability of natural amphibian populations. In this study we have evaluated in terms of mortality and total length the effects that a previous sublethal pulse to ammonium nitrate generates in Epidalea calamita. Experiments were divided in two phases. In the first one, tadpoles were exposed to two different treatments, with and without a low ammonium nitrate concentration (22 mg NH4NO3 L−1). The second phase consisted in static toxicity experiments from both origin treatments with five different nominal concentrations (0, 22, 45, 90 and 180 mg NH4NO3 L−1). Results showed that tadpoles that had experienced a previous sublethal exposure showed a negative effect on survival (57% of reduction in the LC50 value) and total length, throughout an increase in their sensitivity. These results could help us to understand the situation of amphibian populations inhabiting aquatic ecosystems exposed to discontinuous and variable pulses of pollutants. 相似文献