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121.
Karimov KS Qazi I Khan TA Draper PH Khalid FA Mahroof-Tahir M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,141(1-3):323-328
In this investigation properties of organic semiconductor copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) capacitive humidity and illumination
sensors were studied. Organic thin film was deposited by vacuum evaporation on a glass substrate with silver surface-type
electrodes to form the Ag/CuPc/Ag sensor. The capacitance of the samples was evaluated at room temperature in the relative
humidity range of 35–92%. It was observed that capacitance of the Ag/CuPc/Ag sensor increases with increase in humidity. The
ratio of the relative capacitance to relative humidity was about 200. It is assumed that in general the capacitive response
of the sensor is associated with polarization due to absorption of water molecules and transfer of charges (electrons and
holes). It was observed that under filament lamp illumination of up to 1,000 lx the capacitance of the Ag/CuPc/Ag photo capacitive
detectors increased continuously by 20% as compared to dark condition. It is assumed that photo capacitive response of the
sensor is associated with polarization due to transfer of photo-generated electrons and holes. An equivalent circuit of the
Ag/CuPc/Ag capacitive humidity and illumination sensor was developed. Humidity and illumination dependent capacitance properties
of this sensor make it attractive for use in humidity and illumination multi-meters. The sensor may be used in instruments
for environmental monitoring of humidity and illumination. 相似文献
122.
传感技术在环境空气监测中的方法适用性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用某品牌3台传感器,对环境空气中气态污染物(NO_2、SO_2、O_3、CO)和颗粒物(PM_(10)、PM_(2.5))进行为期1个月的连续监测,探讨传感技术在环境空气监测中的方法适用性。研究表明,3台传感器监测的各污染物质量浓度均显著相关,Pearson相关系数0.9(p0.01);监测的颗粒物与国控点数据显著相关且质量浓度水平接近,Pearson相关系数0.9(p0.01);PM_(2.5)传感器测定值相对于国控点数据的平均相对误差仅为-7.3%,均值绝对误差2μg/m~3;传感器在高湿度下的PM_(2.5)测定值与国控点数据相吻合,当相对湿度为80%~90%时,平均相对误差仅为-0.9%;传感器气态污染物测定值与国控点数据之间存在差异,电化学原理气态污染物传感器性能仍有待提升。 相似文献
123.
茂名市大气PM_(2.5)在线源解析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
于2014年12月31日—2015年1月12日,利用单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪对茂名市大气中PM2.5进行在线监测和分析。结果表明,茂名市大气颗粒物污染来源分布(颗粒数占比)分别为扬尘6%、工业工艺源10.9%、生物质燃烧14.7%、机动车尾气27.5%、燃煤23.4%、二次无机源7.7%和其他9.9%。空气质量从重度污染转为优良天气过程中,机动车尾气的贡献率基本保持在20%以上,而燃煤占比从28.9%降至12.3%;空气质量从优良转为污染天气的过程中,工业工艺源、二次无机源、生物质燃烧、燃煤的占比增加,而机动车尾气占比不断下降。 相似文献
124.
Long Jiang Jijun Huang Jun Qian Feng Chen Jinwen Zhang Michael P. Wolcott Yawei Zhu 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2008,16(2):83-93
In this study, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/bamboo pulp fiber (BPF) composites were prepared by melt compounding and injection molding. The
crystallization ability, tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, and impact strength were found substantially
increased by the addition of BPF. Tensile and flexural elongations were also moderately increased at low fiber contents (<20%).
BPF demonstrated not only higher strength and modulus, but also higher failure strain than the PHBV8 matrix. Boron nitride
(BN) was also investigated as a nucleation agent for PHBV8 and maleic anhydride grafted PHBV8 (MA-PHBV8) as a compatibilizer
for the composite system. BN was found to increase the overall properties of the neat polymer and the composites due to refined
crystalline structures. MA-PHBV8 improved polymer/fiber interactions and therefore resulted in increased strength and modulus.
However, the toughness of the composites was substantially reduced due to the hindrance to fiber pullout, a major energy dissipation
source during the composite deformation. 相似文献
125.
Traditional olive orchards account for a large share of the area under olives in the EU, particularly in marginal areas, like those analysed in the OLIVERO project. In general, traditional olive growing can be described as a low-intensity production system, associated with old (sometimes very old) trees, grown at a low density, giving small yields and receiving low inputs of labour and materials. Though such systems are environmentally sustainable, their economic viability has become an issue, since EU policies favour more intensive and competitive systems. Orchards that have not been intensified seem to be threatened by the recent reform of the EU olive and olive oil policy, as income support has been decoupled from production. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the present constraints to traditional olive growing, and to recommend some private and public interventions to prevent its abandonment. During the OLIVERO project, traditional olive production systems were identified and described in five target areas (Trás-os-Montes-Portugal, Cordoba and Granada/Jaen-Spain, Basilicata/Salerno-Italy, and West Crete-Greece). The causes and consequences of abandonment are discussed, based on the analysis of the costs and returns, which revealed that these systems are barely economically sustainable. Their viability is only assured if reduced opportunity costs for family labour are accepted, and the olive growing is part-time. Based on these results, recommendations are made to prevent the abandonment of traditional olive growing and to preserve its environmental benefits. 相似文献
126.
ZHU Cheng-jun CHENG Shu-pei ZHANG Xu-xiang LANG You-zhe SUN Shi-lei GU Ji-dong ZHAO Da-yong PAN Wen-yang YU Hong-xia 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2006,18(3):514-518
The purified terephthalic acid (PTA) petrochemical wastewater molecular toxicity detected by use of Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 GeneChip was conducted in this research. The toxic dose to male mice was 0.03 g/(kg, d) of PTA in the wastewater. The mice liver total RNA was isolated as the temple for synthesis of eDNA and then the cDNA as the temple for synthesis of cRNA. Hybridizing the cRNA with the target genes on the gene chip, there were 232 genes expression levels up-regulated and 74 genes down-regulated discovered obviously. The foremost 40 genes for both the highest and the lowest expression levels involved endogenetic steroid and hormone metabolism, immune system, the leukocyte activity and inflammation, detoxification in liver, reproduction and growth hormone, regulation immune factors of anti-tumor and anti-infection and cancer to the mice sampled. The data suggest the PTA wastewater contained over 5 aromatics and their toxicities integrated were much higher than the pure chemical PTA. And the pure chemical PTA toxicities data cannot be used to evaluate the toxicity of the PTA wastewater instead. 相似文献
127.
铁屑法处理含染料废水中铁屑表面化学研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱技术对铁屑法处理含染料废水中铁屑反应前后的表面进行了研究,结果表明:铁屑表面主要由Fe,C,O,S,Si以及其它构成铸铁的微量元素等组成.铁屑表面快速氧化是染料脱色的关键和前提步骤,铁屑表面铁的羟基氧化物增多是铁屑失活的重要原因.超声方法是铁屑再生方法之一,铸铁中的硫有助于染料脱色. 相似文献
128.
针对门式起重机大车制动松弛,制动磨损严重、出轨翻车的问题,以某工厂轨道门式起重机为载体,设计了一种带大车匀减速防撞功能的门式起重机,介绍了基本结构和工作原理,通过在大车轨道两端设置一段安全刹车保护区域,压力传感器感应大车是否进入了安全保护区域而发车提醒信号,进而PLC控制单元整合处理采集到的压力信号和速度信号后控制制动器,制动器自动采取刹车减速措施,提高了门机的作业安全等级。当大车未进入安全保护区域时,大车制动器采用单独供电的方式,设置延时继电器,使大车断电运行一段距离后刹车制动,减少频繁调紧刹车,增强制动效果,提高门机吊装的稳定性和生产效率。 相似文献
129.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(4):494-505
Single particle-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) is a powerful tool for size-characterization of metal-containing nanoparticles (MCNs) at environmentally relevant concentrations, however, coexisting dissolved metal ions greatly interfere with the accuracy of particle size analysis. The purpose of this study is to develop an online technique that couples hollow fiber ultrafiltration (HFUF) with SP-ICP-MS to improve the accuracy and size detection limit of MCNs by removing metal ions from suspensions of MCNs. Through systematic optimization of conditions including the type and concentration of surfactant and complexing agent, carrier pH, and ion cleaning time, HFUF completely removes metal ions but retains the MCNs in suspension. The optimal conditions include using a mixture of 0.05 vol.% FL-70 and 0.5 mmol/L Na2S2O3 (pH = 8.0) as the carrier and 4 min as the ion cleaning time. At these conditions, HFUF-SP-ICP-MS accurately determines the sizes of MCNs, and the results agree with the size distribution determined by transmission electron microscopy, even when metal ions also are present in the sample. In addition, reducing the ionic background through HFUF also lowers the particle size detection limit with SP-ICP-MS (e.g., from 28.3 to 14.2 nm for gold nanoparticles). This size-based ion-removal principle provided by HFUF is suitable for both cations (e.g., Ag+) and anions (e.g., AuCl4−) and thus has good versatility compared to ion exchange purification and promising prospects for the removal of salts and macromolecules before single particle analysis. 相似文献
130.
含硫污水单塔汽提脱硫装置长周期运行探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
黄波 《石油化工环境保护》2005,28(3):44-47
通过对排水车间含硫污水单塔汽提脱硫装置运行状况的分析,提出目前装置中存在的影响装置长周期运行的一些问题,初步探讨了问题出现的原因,并从含硫污水预处理系统工艺优化、单塔汽提冷进料原料污水选择、单塔塔盘浮阀改造等方面分别提出相应的解决方案,有效延长装置的安全平稳运行周期。 相似文献