佳木斯市四丰山风景区环境污染综合治理对策

佳木斯市四丰山风景区是黑龙江省政府确定的省级风景名胜区,由于近些年无序、过度的开发,环境现状急剧恶化,亟需治理。通过对其周边污染源及水库水质状况的调查,提出了污染治理方案,明确了综合治理的必要性。     

新型城市污水脱氮除磷工艺的试验研究与优化设计

提出了一种改进型A2/O脱氮除磷工艺(MAAO),通过工艺试验和活性污泥2D模型对其进行运行和设计优化.结果表明,系统对COD、TN、NH 4-N和TP的平均去除率分别为85.7%、66.8%、97.35%和78.1%;当COD在300mg/L以上时,脱氮除磷效果均较好,可分别达到70%和90%以上.基于试验结果建立的MMAO工艺数学模型仿真效果良好,可对各单元组合进行优化,校核预测不利工况下的工艺运行效果,实现工艺不同工况下的运行参数优化,较好地实现新工艺的机理性优化设计和运行. MMAO稳定运行出水可达到<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB 18918-2002)一级B标准.由于工艺省去内回流,增加厌氧混合液部分超越提供反硝化碳源,使得运行费用明显降低;系统总停留时间比目前传统的以去除有机污染物为主的生物处理工艺略低,该工艺非常适用于对不具有脱氮除磷功能污水厂的改造.     

石家庄污灌区土壤重金属污染现状评价

为揭示污水灌溉对土壤环境质量的影响,本研究以石家庄市污灌区为例,对其表层土壤重金属Pb、Hg、Cr、Cd、As、Cu、Zn的含量进行了测定分析,按照单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法,根据土壤环境背景值标准进行了评价,并应用克里格插值方法对研究区内表层土壤污染的空间变异特征进行了分析。结果表明,研究区表层土壤中各重金属均有超过背景值现象;其中Cd含量远高于土壤背景值,为主要污染因子,Hg为次要污染因子,Cu、Cr、Pb、Zn基本上为轻度污染,As处于清洁状态;污染综合指数均大于1,处于轻度污染以上等级;各种金属单因子污染指数和综合指数在研究区的分布特点各不相同,总体上形成以东明渠、洨河主河道为中心逐渐向两边递减的污染分布状态,中度污染及严重污染将近占研究区总面积的一半以上。     

渗滤系统处理北方城市生活污水微生物数量变化的研究

本文应用粉煤灰渗滤系统处理北方寒冷地区城市污水,结果细菌数量去除率在89.6%—99.9%之间,粪大肠菌群数量去除率在90%—99.9%之间,此方法成本低、效果好,适合北方中小城镇污水处理。     

污泥堆肥影响因素及辅料的探讨

结合近年来国内外有关城市污泥堆肥技术方面的研究文献 ,详细讨论了影响污泥堆肥效率的因素。在各种影响因素中重点讨论了辅料的影响 ,介绍了国内外研究所使用的辅料种类和作用     

污泥厌氧消化的强化处理技术

污泥固体的生物可降解性低 ,影响了污泥的厌氧消化 ,提高厌氧消化效率的一个主要途径是促进污泥细胞的分解 ,增强生物可降解性 ,本文综述了强化污泥厌氧消化的几种预处理技术 ,包括热解、碱处理、臭氧氧化和超声处理     

厌氧降解两种苯二甲酸酯的试验研究

以邻苯二甲酸二[2-乙基己]酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)为研究对象,以废水污泥和填埋场沥出液为接种物,在严格厌氧环境下,进行了苯二甲酸酯生物降解的研究试验。结果表明,DBP有较好的可降解性,去除率大于95％;而DEHP在填埋场沥出液培养样中去除率小于30％;但当接种物为消化污泥时,DEHP的去除率为89．7％。产甲烷的微生物群在邻苯二甲酸二酯的降解过程中起着非常重要的作用。     

Experimental study on agitated drying characteristics of sewage sludge under the effects of different additive age

Drying experiments of dewatered sewage sludge (DSS) were conducted on a agitated paddle dryer, and the effects of additive agents, i.e., CaO, pulverized coal (PC), heavy oil (HO), and dried sludge ("DS" through back mixing) on the agitated drying characteristics of DSS were investigated. The results indicated that CaO can significantly increase the drying rate of DSS. The drying rate at CaO/DSS (mass ratio) = 1/100 was 135% higher than that of CaO/DSS = 0. Pulverized coal has no obvious effect on drying rate, but the increase of PC/DSS can promote breaking up of sludge lump. Heavy oil was found to be slightly effective in improving the drying rate of DSS in the examined experimental range of HO/DSS = 0-1/20. It is also found thatHOcan reduce the torque of the dryer shaft, due to its lubrication effect. Back mixing of DS was found to be effective in alleviating the unfavorable effect of the lumpy phase by improving the mixing effect of the paddle dryer. There was a marked increase of drying rate with an increase of the DS/DSS in the experimental range of DS/DSS = 0-1/3.     

The correlation of total and extractable heavy metals from soil and domestic sewage sludge and their transfer to maize ( Zea mays L.) plants

A study to understand the mobility and transport of heavy metals (HMs) from soil and soil amended with sewage sludge to maize plants was carried out. The total and ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid (EDTA)-extractable HMs in agricultural soil and untreated domestic sewage sludge samples, and the correlation between the total and extractable metals in soil and sewage sludge were carried out. Pot experiments were performed to study the transfer of HMs to maize grains, grown in soil (control) and in soil amended with sewage sludge (test samples). The total and extractable HMs in soil, sewage sludge, and maize grains were analysed by FAAS/ETAAS (flame atomic absorption spectrometer/electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer) after digestion in microwave oven. Statistically significant correlations were obtained between the total contents of Cu, Cd, As and their respective extractable fractions in soil, while in domestic wastewater sludge (DWS) the better correlation was observed only for Ni and Cd. The edible part of maize plants (grains) from test samples presented high concentration of Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cu, As, and Cr concentrations (80.7–85.6, 3.8–3.95, 2.35–2.5, 0.75–0.82, 3.21–3.29, 0.23–0.27, and 0.22–0.29?mg?kg^?1, respectively). Good correlations were found between metals in exchangeable fractions of both soil and DWS and total metals in control and test samples of maize grains. The transfer factor of all HMs from DWS to maize grains was also determined.     

The Effects of Ocean Disposal of Sewage Sludge On the Relative Abundance of Benthic Megafauna

Disposal of sewage sludge in the New York Bight Apex (12-Mile Dump Site) ceased at the end of December 1987. Previous efforts to quantify the effects of sludge were hindered by the inability to obtain true replication. the cessation of dumping afforded the opportunity to apply the technique of replication in time, also known as a Before/After, Control/Impact design. Conditionally, this method allows one to separate treatment effects from the natural differences that confound many environmental impact studies. the Environmental Processes Division of the Northeast Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Service sampled the benthic environment of the New York Bight Apex from June 1986 through September 1989 using a sample design based on the technique of replication in time.

Three dominant species (rock crab, Cancer irroratus; little skate; Raja erinacea; and winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus) and total demersal finfish, collected by otter trawl, showed no statistically significant response to the cessation of disposal. American lobster (Homarus americanus) increased in local abundance, but this result was possibly confounded by a change in fishing effort.