改进密切值法在地面水环境质量评价中的应用

密切值法(OsculatingMethod)作为一种多目标优选方法,在水环境质量评价中具有一定的应用。经过改进,将环境标准作为评价样本,参与到地面水环境样本的矩阵中,可以分析出各个监测断面的水质优劣排序,并使其与各级环境标准的关系一目了然。引入层次分析法,对各评价指标的贡献程度加以确定,保证了地面水环境质量评价的科学性。     

火电厂清洁生产的可持续性分析与评估

从企业生态角度分析了火电厂清洁生产的可持续性;运用能值理论对火电厂清洁生产的可持续性进行了评估;以某发电厂采用清洁生产为实例进行了可持续性分析,结果表明:火电厂清洁生产的可持续性明显提高。     

挥发酚测定中降低空白值的两种方法的探讨

用4-氨基安替比林萃取光度法测定水样中挥发酚时,因该试剂易潮解易氧化变质产生安替比林红,使测定空白值偏高,影响测定结果.本文对提纯4-氨基安替比林试剂的两种方法做以初步的比较和探讨.     

丹东酸性降水分析

采用大气降水pH值历史演变和pH值分段分析的方法分析丹东市酸雨污染现状,并从污染源和气候条件解释酸雨形成的原因,确定酸雨的形成受外来空气污染物影响较大,而酸雨强度的大小具有本地环境条件和环境污染特征.     

Nitrous oxide emissions from black soils with different pH

N₂O fluxes as a function of incubation time from soil with different available N contents and pH were determined. Cumulative carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions were measured to indicate soil respiration. A 144-hr incubation experiment was conducted in a slightly acidic agricultural soil (pH_H2O 5.33) after the pH was adjusted to four different values (3.65, 5.00, 6.90 and 8.55). The experiments consisted of a control without added N, and with NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N fertilization. The results showed that soil pH contributed significantly to N₂O flux from the soils. There were higher N₂O emissions in the period 0-12 hr in the four pH treatments, especially those enhanced with N-fertilization. The cumulative N₂O-N emission reached a maximum at pH 8.55 and was stimulated by NO₃^--N fertilization (70.4 μg/kg). The minimum emissions appeared at pH 3.65 and were not stimulated by NO₃^--N or NH₄⁺-N fertilization. Soil respiration increased significantly due to N-fertilization. Soil respiration increased positively with soil pH (R² = 0.98, P < 0.01). The lowest CO₂-C emission (30.2 mg/kg) was presented in pH 3.65 soils without N-fertilization. The highest CO₂-C emissions appeared in the pH 8.55 soils for NH₄⁺-N fertilization (199 mg/kg). These findings suggested that N₂O emissions and soil respiration were significantly influenced by low pH, which strongly inhibits soil microbial nitrification and denitrification activities. The content of NO₃^--N in soil significantly and positively affected the N₂O emissions through denitrification.     

Photochemical degradation of nonylphenol in aqueous solution：The impact of pH and hydroxyl radical promoters

The degradation of nonylphenol (NP) in aqueous solution with UV, H₂O₂/UV, and Fenton/photo-Fenton processes was studied. The efficacy of direct and hydrogen peroxide photolysis proved to be dependent on the pH value. The addition of H₂O₂ to UV treatment improved NP degradation. The application of UV photolysis and the H₂O₂/UV system at pH 7 resulted in low pseudo first-order rate constants at 10^-4 sec^-1. In the experiments at elevated pH values the pseudo-first order rate constants increased to 10^-3 sec^-1. The efficacy of the Fenton process was lower in comparison with UV and hydrogen peroxide photolysis. The addition of UV irradiation to the H₂O₂/Fe²⁺ system substantially improved NP degradation efficacy. In terms of performance, the photo-Fenton process was similar to the H₂O₂/UV process. The most favourable process for complete nonylphenol degradation considering both operational cost and treatment efficacy was H₂O₂/UV at pH 11 and 250 mol/L H₂O₂.     

基于能值理论对于不同种类产业集群的对比研究

能值理论与研究方法是当前生态经济学领域研究的热点理论和方法,由于其能值可以作为统一标尺衡量不同质别的能量被认为是连接生态学与经济学的桥梁。能值理论与方法经过了30余年的理论发展和实践应用,已经被广泛地应用到了复合和单一系统评价中,但用于对产业集群的功能对比研究还比较少。文章以沈阳市经济技术开发区的2个不同种类的产业集群为例,通过用能值分析方法对于其各项指标进行对比分析,阐述能值理论在产业集群系统效率评价中的应用方法,同时提出对于当地不同种类的产业集群发展,不仅只注重其经济效益同时也应该将资源节约利用和环境保护结合起来。     

环境空气中PM2.5与PM10质量浓度关系的研究

采集大连市4个大气自动监测点位30dPM2.5和PM10质量浓度小时值的监测数据,通过对每个点位720个有效数据对的统计分析,研究二者质量浓度的相关性及 PM2.5/PM10比值的分布情况,并研究了气象因素对PM2.5与PM10的影响。结果表明,雾使PM2.5PM10浓度都减小,但二者比值也随之降低;强风会使PM10浓度增大,但PM2.5浓度却减小。     

黄海近岸大气降水中磷溶解度及其影响因素

于2020年6~9月在黄海近岸城市青岛采集31场降水69个样品,分析其中总磷（TP）、溶解态总磷（DTP）及溶解态无机磷（DIP）和有机磷（DOP）,探讨P浓度和溶解度的变化特征及其影响因素.降水中TP浓度为（6.2±1.0）μg/L,DTP浓度为（3.8±0.6）μg/L,P溶解度为（64.8±18.0）%.DTP中以DIP为主,其贡献为（56.5±21.6）%.降水中TP和DTP与降水量呈负幂指数关系,TP清除指数大于DTP.降水量<10mm时,降水对气溶胶P的清除和稀释作用显著影响降水中P浓度,但降水量>40mm时,这种作用对P浓度的影响不大.降水对气溶胶P的清除作用以云下清除为主,占总清除效率的70%~85%.酸化作用显著促进降水中颗粒态P溶解,且无机P溶解效率高于有机P.对降雨量<5mm及>30mm降水,pH值是影响P溶解度的主要因素,降水量和气团来源对P溶解度也有一定影响.当pH值相近时,降水量越大,P溶解度越高;当pH值相近且降水量<5mm时,海洋源贡献越大,P溶解度越高.对降水量5~30mm的降水,P溶解度受到降水量、pH值及气团来源等因素的共同影响.     

循环流膜接触器分离污水中N_2O及影响因素

为提高污水中可再生能源 N_2O 的回收率,该文利用循环流膜接触器研究了 N_2O 的分离性能及影响因素。结果表明,随着N_2O初始浓度、操作压和液体流量的增加,N_2O的分离效率呈升高趋势。当水溶液中N_2O初始浓度为35 mg/L,操作压为0.05 MPa,液体流量为7 L/h时,10 min可获得92.12%的分离效率,水溶液中N_2O浓度可降至3 mg/L以下。在污水p H为5～9、盐度为0～10 g/L范围内,低浓度N_2O的分离效率受二者影响不显著。