土壤元素背景值的研究——以南方某区域为例

依据南方某区域农业地质与生态地球化学调查取得的区域地球化学资料,按照不同土壤类型求取了研究区的土壤元素背景值,并分别与该区域所在省和全国平均水平进行横向和纵向比较,进而对研究区土壤中各元素及指标的丰缺状况进行分析,从而对现有土壤利用状况作出评价,为该地区土壤污染评价和治理修复提供了重要的地球化学依据,也为农业环境的规划和相应标准的制定提供了基础资料.     

Combination e ect of pH and acetate on enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis

The productivity and e ciency of cellulase are significant in cellulose hydrolysis. With the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), the pH value in anaerobic digestion system is reduced. Therefore, this study will find out how the pH and the amount of acetate influence the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. The e ects of pH and acetate on cellulase produced from Bacillus coagulans were studied at various pH 5–8, and acetate concentrations (0–60 mmol/L). A batch kinetic model for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis was constructed from experimental data and performed. The base hypothesis was as follows: the rates of enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis rely on pH and acetate concentration. The results showed that the suitable pH range for cellulase production and cellulose hydrolysis (represents e ciency of cellulase) was 2.6–7.5, and 5.3–8.3, respectively. Moreover, acetate in the culture medium had an e ect on cellulase production (KI = 49.50 mmol/L, n = 1.7) less than cellulose hydrolysis (KI = 37.85 mmol/L, n = 2.0). The results indicated that both the pH of suspension and acidogenic products influence the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in an anaerobic environment. To enhance the cellulose hydrolysis rate, the accumulated acetate concentration should be lower than 25 mmol/L, and pH should be maintained at 7.     

Application of ferrate（VI） in the treatment of industrial wastes containing metal-complexed cyanides ： A green treatment

Ferrate(VI) was employed for the oxidation of cyanide (CN) and simultaneous removal of copper or nickel in the mixed/complexed systems of CN-Cu, CN-Ni, or CN-Cu-Ni. The degradation of CN (1.00 mmol/L) and removal of Cu (0.095 mmol/L) were investigated as a function of Fe(VI) doses from 0.3–2.00 mmol/L at pH 10.0. It was found that Fe(VI) could readily oxidize CN and the reduction of Fe(VI) into Fe(III) might serve e ciently for the removal of free copper ions. The increase in Fe(VI) dose apparently favoured the CN oxidation as well as Cu removal. Moreover, the pH dependence study (pH 10.0–13.0) revealed that the oxidation of CN was almost una ected in the studied pH range (10.0–13.0), however, the maximum removal e ciency of Cu was obtained at pH 13.0. Similarly, treatment was carried out for CN-Ni system having the initial Ni concentration of 0.170 mmol/L and CN concentration of 1.00 mmol with Fe(VI) dose 2.00 mmol at various pH values (10.0–12.0). Results showed a partial oxidation of CN and partial removal of Ni. It can be observed that Fe(VI) can partially degrade the CN-Ni complex in this pH range. Further, Fe(VI) was applied for the treatment of simulated industrial waste/e uent waters treatment containing CN, Cu, and Ni.     

福建省生态可持续发展历史演变——基于改进生态足迹模型的研究

运用基于能值分析的生态足迹模型,对福建省1995年-2006年生态足迹和生态承载力及相关指标进行计算和分析。实证研究结果表明,1995年-2006年间,福建省人均生态足迹由2.079 hm2/cap增至3.371hm2/cap,年平均增长率达到10.77%;生态承载力由2.280 hm2/cap上升到3.082 hm2/cap,年均增长率6.23%;从2002年起人均生态足迹开始大于人均生态承载力,之后每年出现生态赤字,且赤字逐年增加。期间,福建省万元GDP下降了51.84%;生态多样性指数上升了11.41%;发展能力指数上升了70.30%;生态压力指数由0.934上升到1.094,导致生态安全由稍不安全等级上升到较不安全等级。     

基于AHP和熵值法的辽宁省城市生态安全评价

随着社会经济的高速发展,生态安全问题越来越重要,它已经成为区域可持续发展的核心问题。以辽宁省的14个城市为研究区域,采用压力-状态-响应模型,选取了26个指标,运用层次分析法（AHP）和熵值法对其生态安全现状进行评价,结果表明：各个城市生态安全值位于0.31~0.8,生态安全水平差异较大。总体来说,沿海地区城市群生态安全较好,中部省会城市群生态安全次之,西部的朝阳、阜新等小城市生态安全较差。最后提出了辽宁省城市生态安全的对策。     

基于Aki模型的张北地震序列Qc值特征研究

采用Aki尾波单次散射模型计算了张家口台的近场数字地震记录资料,分析了张北地震序列尾波Qc值随频率的衰减关系;当流逝时间为35 s时,张北地区的平均Qc值为Qc(f)=(76.8±17.6)f 0.9606±0.22,Qc值较低,在76.8±17.6范围内波动,这表明该区域目前处于低Qc值的构造活跃期,同时,主震发生后靠近震中区的这个椭球形的散射体内能量大释放已基本完成,目前该震源体正处于应力的调整过程。     

模糊物元模型在焦化厂大气环境质量综合评价中的应用

随着焦化行业的快速发展,其环境污染问题也日益暴露出来,以大气污染最为严重。将熵值理论与模糊物元分析法相结合,建立了焦化厂大气环境质量评价的模糊物元模型,并根据焦化厂的大气环境质量现状提出了反映其污染程度的Ⅰ-Ⅳ级质量分级标准。研究结果表明,运用模糊物元模型评价大气环境质量状况是可行的,焦化厂各测点的大气环境质量均达到安全级（Ⅲ级）。     

用玻璃电极法准确测定溶液中pH值的分析路径

介绍了玻璃电极法测定溶液中pH值的原理和详细的分析路径.     

宝应县经济与生态环境协调发展评价分析

以可持续发展理论为指导,构建综合评价指标体系,采用熵值法综合评价宝应县可持续发展状况,结果表明：宝应县经济系统呈可持续发展趋势,生态环境系统呈非可持续发展态势,经济与生态环境处于非协调发展中,指出从系统整体优化的视角,构建经济与生态环境同步协调发展的措施,是推进宝应县可持续发展的保证。     

可变电荷与恒电荷土壤胶体对DNA吸附与解吸特征

采用平衡法研究了红壤胶体、砖红壤胶体、潮土胶体和褐土胶体在不同pH值条件下DNA吸附与解吸特征.结果表明,在NaCl和KCl电解质体系中,4种土壤胶体在吸附过DNA后,溶液pH值均有不同程度的增加,pH增加的幅度为红壤胶体>砖红壤胶体>潮土胶体>褐土胶体;NaCl电解质体系>KCl电解质体系.土壤胶体对DNA的吸附量均随着pH值的升高而降低,在pH为2~4,不同胶体对DNA的吸附量保持最大值,约为13.1~14.8μg.mg-1.当平衡溶液pH值从4.2开始上升至8.6,在NaCl体系中,砖红壤胶体和红壤胶体上DNA的吸附量下降幅度约5.5μg.mg-1,而在KCl体系中,DNA的吸附量下降幅度约2.1μg.mg-1.2种电解质体系,潮土胶体与褐土胶体上DNA的吸附量下降幅度约为8.3~12.2μg.mg-1.DNA吸附量下降幅度为恒电荷土壤(潮土和褐土)胶体>可变电荷土壤(红壤和砖红壤)胶体.用NaOAc和NaH2PO4对土壤胶体吸附DNA的解吸时,可变电荷土壤胶体与恒电荷土壤胶体解吸规律有明显差异.在3种溶液pH值为3、5和7时,可变电荷土壤(红壤和砖红壤)胶体上NaOAc解吸率约10%~24.5%,Na...