相关关系和因果关系在事故分析中的应用——研究综述与启示

从事故中吸取教训是安全科学的主要任务,回顾拆解曾经的研究成果,从理论基础研究和应用实践研究两个方面进行了文献综述,以期达到总结前期成果和启示后续研究的目的。结果表明,在横向研究中,一方面在全学科的宏观层面,相关和因果的研究在经济与管理科学和社会科学中的开展较为成熟,而在安全科学与灾害防治领域还处于发展阶段。同时自2003年至2012年,是相关关系和因果关系研究成果的快速发展时期;另一方面在生产安全事故范围的微观层面,相关和因果的研究相对集中于事故控制阶段的相关关系的研究;在纵向研究中,对于生产安全事故分析时需要进行的描述、解释、预测和控制4个阶段中在选取相关关系和因果关系时有所侧重,在事故描述阶段偏重使用相关关系;在事故解释阶段,如果是解释事故发生的可能性主要偏重使用因果关系。如果是解释事故发生的损失程度主要偏重使用相关关系;在事故预测阶段,偏重相关关系;在事故控制阶段偏重因果关系。     

Building work engagement: A systematic review and meta‐analysis investigating the effectiveness of work engagement interventions

Low work engagement may contribute towards decreased well‐being and work performance. Evaluating, boosting and sustaining work engagement are therefore of interest to many organisations. However, the evidence on which to base interventions has not yet been synthesised. A systematic review with meta‐analysis was conducted to assess the evidence for the effectiveness of work engagement interventions. A systematic literature search identified controlled workplace interventions employing a validated measure of work engagement. Most used the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Studies containing the relevant quantitative data underwent random‐effects meta‐analyses. Results were assessed for homogeneity, systematic sampling error, publication bias and quality. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria and were categorised into four types of interventions: (i) personal resource building; (ii) job resource building; (iii) leadership training; and (iv) health promotion. The overall effect on work engagement was small, but positive, k = 14, Hedges g = 0.29, 95%‐CI = 0.12–0.46. Moderator analyses revealed a significant result for intervention style, with a medium to large effect for group interventions. Heterogeneity between the studies was high, and the success of implementation varied. More studies are needed, and researchers are encouraged to collaborate closely with organisations to design interventions appropriate to individual contexts and settings, and include evaluations of intervention implementation. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Organizational Behavior published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于改进JHA铜冶炼维修作业风险辨识与信息化应用

基于能量意外释放论,提出改进的JHA风险辨识方法。在按设备结构划分维修作业后,不划分作业步骤,而是根据风险来源进行辨识,实现了辨识的实用性和系统全面性。基于辨识结果,建立信息化维修作业风险信息数据库,并作为《检修项目指令书》安全措施的信息支撑。实践表明,改进的JHA辨识方法是有效的,信息化应用改变了经验式的《检修项目指令书》,提高了风险管控的有效性。     

Examining the effects of feeling trusted by supervisors in the workplace: A self‐evaluative perspective

Trusting and feeling trusted are related but unique components of a trusting relationship. However, we understand relatively little about the effects of felt trust on work performance and organizational citizenship behavior. From a self‐evaluative perspective, this study argued that when employees perceive that their supervisors trust them, their organization‐based self‐esteem is enhanced, leading them to perform better in the workplace. We tested our hypotheses on a sample of 497 teachers using two trust measures, that is, reliance and disclosure, and found support for them on the basis of the reliance (but not the disclosure) measure. The effect of felt trust especially reliance on the employees' work performances were mediated by their organization‐based self‐esteem. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于心电信号的音乐节拍对作业疲劳作用分析

利用MP150多道生理仪记录心电信号的变化,从听觉的角度,通过HR(Heart Rate,HR)和频域指标的变化,分析两种节拍的音乐(慢节拍音乐60~100拍/min和快节拍音乐120~160拍/min)对作业疲劳的影响,并以静息组为对照组进行了3组试验。结果表明:1)方差分析表明,音乐对心率变化无较大的影响,而对LF(LowFrequency)、HF(High-Frequency)影响较大;2)心电数据分析表明,短时间聆听慢节拍的音乐有助于心率的恢复;3)心率变异性分析表明,音乐使LF降低,HF升高,副交感神经兴奋性增强,能缓解作业疲劳。     

现代电子监控技术在安全生产领域的应用

现代电子监控技术在安全生产领域的应用越来越广泛,在安全生产各个环节发挥了重要作用.如手机屏蔽仪在加油站等易燃易爆场所进行信号监控,防止在加油站等易燃易爆场所使用手机引发爆炸事故;应用煤矿安全事故预警系统,实时对井下巷道的各个传感器进行瓦斯浓度和透水情况监测、记录和数据分析;建立远程安全生产监控系统,形成安全生产监测体系.利用现代化的电子通信技术、网络技术、传感技术和自动监控技术,可以大大增强对事故的防范能力,防止事故发生和减少事故的损失.     

唐山LNG项目建设HSE管理的实践

文章通过在唐山LNG项目建设现场HSE管理实践中的经验总结,结合中国石油集团公司提出的加强"三基"工作的要求,提出了一套HSE管理方法并应用于实践,取得了良好效果,为其他LNG项目建设提供了必要的借鉴与参考。     

公共信用视角下的安全生产模式及其信用机制

为探析当前安全生产问题的深层原因,改进安全生产工作方式,探索构建安全生产长效机制,根据对政府、企业和职工等不同主体在安全生产领域中的公共信用分析,发现主体两两之间存在信用关系,进而发现安全生产信用模式。在信用模式的基础上,指出当前安全生产的问题在于主体信用缺失或信用关系扭曲,且缺乏强大的社会力量和规范的市场机制监督、评估与约束不同主体的信用行为,尚未形成安全生产信用机制。论证得出:构建法治化、市场化和社会化的安全生产信用机制是治理当前安全生产问题的有效途径,同时也是安全生产发展的必然趋势。     

基于I-PDCA的安全生产监管工作实施方法研究

为明确安全生产监管工作实施程序和提高监管工作效率,根据一些发达国家安全生产监管工作运作模式先进经验,针对我国安全生产监管工作方法不完善的现状问题,提出基于I-PDCA循环模型的安全生产监管工作实施方法。根据监管对象的安全生产特点综合提出影响企业安全生产水平的典型工作指标,在这些指标的基础上建立合适的监管计划、目标实施、监管效果检查、后续行动4个环节,各环节紧紧围绕工作指标内容,层层递进、依次实施,不断落实政府安全监管力度,不断深化企业安全工作指标要求,提高企业安全生产管理水平。确定监管对象的安全工作指标,明确监管行动各循环环节的内容,有助于提高政府安全监管效果及企业安全生产水平。     

Negotiating a flexible work arrangement: How women navigate the influence of power and organizational context

Prior work‐life research has highlighted that while organizations may be introducing more work‐life policies, organizational members are not necessarily using these policies. Empirical research is needed that focuses on the individual and provides insight into who is taking advantage of these policies and how they go about negotiating access. In this study, we explore this issue as we investigate the behavioral dynamics that underlie women's experiences negotiating a flexible work arrangement. Focusing on the individual, we examine the influence that perceptions of power and organizational work‐life support have on flexible work arrangement negotiations. The results of our research indicate that both macro level factors such as perceived work life support and micro level factors such as perceptions of power affect both the process and outcomes of these negotiations. We explore the implications these findings have for work‐life and negotiation research. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.