Multifoci effects of injustice on counterproductive work behaviors and the moderating roles of symbolization and victim sensitivity

Past research suggests that employees, in response to workplace experiences, selectively engage in targeted counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs). Taking a retributive justice and target similarity perspective, we predict that employee perceptions of unfairness from the organization uniquely predict CWB specifically targeted at the organization whereas employee perceptions of supervisory unfairness uniquely predict CWB specifically targeted at the supervisor. We further hypothesized that moral identity‐symbolization would strengthen these target‐similar relationships. Finally, drawing from the sensitivity to mean intentions model, we hypothesized that victim sensitivity would not only strengthen these target‐similar relationships but also lead to cross‐foci effects of multifoci fairness perceptions on targets of CWB. Results from 3 field studies of full‐time employees provided support for most of our hypothesized relationships.     

Impacts of Meteorological Factors on PM10: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) Approaches

In this study, prediction capacities of multi-linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural networks (ANN) onto coarse particulate matter (PM₁₀) concentrations were investigated. Different meteorological factors on particulate pollution were chosen for operating variables in the model analyses. Two different regions (urban and industrial) were identified in the region of Kocaeli, Turkey. All data sets were obtained from air quality monitoring network of the Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning, and 120 data sets were used in the MLR and ANN models. Regression equations explained the effects of the meteorological factors in MLR analyses. In the ANN model, backpropagation network with two hidden layers has achieved the best prediction efficiency. Determination coefficients and error values were examined for each model. ANN models displayed more accurate results compared to MLR.     

Understanding Recent Climate Change

Abstract:  The Earth's atmosphere has a natural greenhouse effect, without which the global mean surface temperature would be about 33 °C lower and life would not be possible. Human activities have increased atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases in trace amounts. This has enhanced the greenhouse effect, resulting in surface warming. Were it not for the partly offsetting effects of increased aerosol concentrations, the increase in global mean surface temperature over the past 100 years would be larger than observed. Continued surface warming through the 21st century is inevitable and will likely have widespread ecological impacts. The magnitude and rate of warming for the global average will be largely dictated by the strength and direction of climate feedbacks, thermal inertia of the oceans, the rate of greenhouse gas emissions, and aerosol concentrations. Because of regional expressions of climate feedbacks, changes in atmospheric circulation, and a suite of other factors, the magnitude and rate of warming and changes in other key climate elements, such as precipitation, will not be uniform across the planet. For example, due to loss of its floating sea-ice cover, the Arctic will warm the most .     

深层圆弧形滑坡作用下长输埋地输气管道响应分析

针对影响长输埋地管道安全运行的山体滑坡问题,基于深层圆弧形滑坡理论和有限元方法,建立了在深层圆弧形滑坡作用下的管道计算 模型,对管道的受力进行了数值模拟。对土壤密度、管道壁厚、管道内压以及土抗剪强度进行了参数敏感性分析,研究了各参数对发生滑坡时 管道所受最大应力的影响规律。结果表明:当滑坡规模、滑坡角度增大时,管道所受Von Mises值会随之增大;随土壤密度的增加,管道所受的 应力也会增加;在滑坡多发区,应设计大壁厚的管道,以增加管道安全性;应确保管道内压小于10MPa,当内压突增时应有紧急预案;土抗剪强 度对在深层圆弧形滑坡作用下管道所受应力的影响明显小于其他3个敏感参数。该研究工作为山体滑坡区的安全管道设计提供了一定的参考,对 确保滑坡区埋地管道的安全运营有重要意义。     

SENSITIVITY CONSIDERATIONS WHEN MODELING HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES WITH DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL1

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the sensitivity of a hydrologic models to the type of DEM used. This was done while modeling basin water quality with 1:24,000 and 1:250,000 U.S. Geological Survey DEMs as input to model hydro‐logical processes. The manner in which the model results were sensitive to the choice of raster cell size (scale) is investigated in this study. The Broadhead watershed, located in New Jersey, USA, was chosen as a study area. Curve numbers were estimated by a trial and error to match simulated and observed total discharge. Monthly runoff for the watershed was used in the calibration process. Higher runoff volumes were simulated by the model when the 1:24,000 DEM were used as input data, probably due to the finer resolution which simulated increased average slope and hence higher estimated runoff from the watershed. As the simulated slope of the watershed is flatten with the 1:250,000 DEM, the response of stream flow was delayed and simulated less runoff volume.     

Uncertainty in Estimation of Wet Deposition of Sulphur

A model is described for predicting wet deposition ofsulphur in Britain from rainfall and site measurementsof ion concentration in precipitation. This modelincludes orographic enhancement of both rainfall andion concentration. The model output is comparedagainst available measurement data. Sensitivity anduncertainty analyses are used to predict the outputuncertainty. If the stated assumptions can be shown tobe correct, the wet deposition for Britain at the 5 kmscale is accurate to ±35% across the country. Theanalyses show a larger uncertainty in central Englandand a possible bias towards underestimation of wetdeposition, the latter being of importance incalculating critical load exceedances in remote areas.     

Sensitivity of the Structural Characteristics of Tree Rings to Climatic Changes in Different Climatypes of Scotch Pine

Radial increment and tree-ring structure were studied in the progenies of 16 climatypes growing in the southern taiga subzone. The coefficients of correlation between tree-ring parameters of the local and other climatypes were as high as 0.7–0.9, and the synchronism coefficients were higher than 0.7. Climatypes of northern origin were an exception. The sensitivity of the parameters of the tree-ring late wood decreased with an increase in the latitude at which the seeds for establishing the cultures were collected. Estimation of Euclidean distances in the space of tree-ring parameters showed that the northern climatypes differed from the southern taiga types by no more than 15%. The climatypes from the middle taiga and the forest–steppe exhibited smaller differences (10–11%).     

单级活性污泥过程数学模型ASM2D参数的灵敏度分析

利用单级活性污泥模拟流程对ASM2D参数的灵敏度进行了研究,发现在67个化学计量系数及动力学常数中,有22个参数需在应用中进行校核．该项研究结果为ASM2D实际应用中减少需校核参数的个数提供了依据．     

定量遥感支持下的红壤丘陵区土壤侵蚀敏感性评价——以长沙市为例

定量遥感技术的发展为研究区域生态环境敏感性提供了有效的手段.针对红壤丘陵区这一典型的脆弱生态系统,在遥感和地理信息系统的支持下,建立了红壤丘陵区土壤侵蚀敏感性评价信息系统.根据RUSLE方程中的4个自然条件因子对土壤侵蚀敏感性的影响,建立红壤丘陵区土壤侵蚀敏感性定量评价指标体系,并对长沙这一典型红壤丘陵区的土壤侵蚀敏感性进行评价.通过解译Lan出at TM/ETM 影像数据获得长沙市土壤侵蚀敏感性评价的K因子、C因子分布图;利用ARCGIS数字化和空间分析得到R因子以及地形起伏度分布(LS因子).通过主成分分析法确定各评价因子的权重;最后通过加权叠加法获得长沙市土壤敏感性评价结果.研究结果表明,高度敏感以上面积2618km2,占全市面积的20.3%,中度敏感面积4404km2,占全市面积的37.2%,轻度以下敏感面积5073km2,占全市面积的42.5%,这说明长沙市土壤侵蚀敏感性较高.     

PRA在焦化厂污染土壤修复目标值制定中的应用

以某焦化污染场地为例,采用PRA(概率风险评价)方法研究了17个人体暴露参数和5个土壤理化性质参数的不确定性对土壤中8种污染物修复目标值的影响.结果表明:PRA与DRA修复目标值的比值仅深层Nap为0.9,其余为1.11~2.49,因此,采用传统的DRA(确定性风险评价)方法制定的修复目标值容易偏保守;将土壤中污染物含量降低到PRA修复目标值所产生的暴露风险均在可接受的范围内,但表层土壤Ben对人体健康产生危害的可能性最大;参数敏感性分析的结果表明成人暴露周期(EDa,贡献率为35%~59.8%)和儿童暴露周期(EDc,6.2%~20.2%)对各污染物修复目标值不确定性的影响均较大,此外,土壤理化性质参数,如土壤有机碳含量(foc)、土壤孔隙中空气体积比(θair,vad)和土壤孔隙中水体积比(θwater,vad)对易挥发的Ben和Nap影响较大,儿童每日土壤摄入量(IRs-c)对不易挥发的BaA~DBA影响较大.