Computation of particles’ ascent from a cavity behind passing shock wave

We study numerically the dynamics of particles of dispersed phase in a turbulent gas flow in planar shock waves (SWs) sliding along a solid surface with a depression of trapezoid shape. The ascent of particles from the cavity walls has been computed in the approximation of a rarefied gas–particle mixture. A considerable influence of the passing SW strength and the initial location of particles on the characteristics of particles’ ascent, the non-monotonicity of the dependence of the particle-ascent height on the initial longitudinal coordinate, and the SW Mach number, and a possibility of the formation of particles’ accumulation and removal zones on the depression bottom are shown.     

复杂人机系统班组人误模型与量化分析

讨论一个班组人员行为模型,即包括:任务模型、事件模型、班组模型和人-机交互模型4个模块,并用其模拟和分析事故状态下的运行班组对异常事故的响应过程;利用班组认知过程流程图模型表征事件发展过程中班组成员对事故的征兆识别、决策、计划和行动执行的响应过程;采用CREAM的量化分析技术,对核电站的蒸汽发生器管道破管事故的班组认知失误事件进行量化分析。     

Shock-induced ignition of hydrogen gas during accidental or technical opening of high-pressure tanks

This paper is devoted to the numerical and experimental investigation of hydrogen self-ignition as a result of the formation of a primary shock wave in front of a cold expanding hydrogen gas jet. Temperature increase, as a result of this shock wave, leads to the ignition of the hydrogen–air mixture formed on the contact surface. The required condition for hydrogen self-ignition is to maintain the high temperature in the area for a time long enough for hydrogen and air to mix and inflammation to take place.

Calculations of the self-ignition of a hydrogen jet are based on a physicochemical model involving the gas-dynamic transport of a viscous gas, the kinetics of hydrogen oxidation, the multi-component diffusion, and the heat exchange. We found that the reservoir pressure range, when a shock wave formed in the air during depressurization, has sufficient intensity to produce self-ignition of the hydrogen–air mixture formed at the front of a jet of compressed hydrogen. We present an analysis of the initial conditions (the hydrogen pressure inside the vessel, the temperature of the compressed hydrogen and the surrounding air, and the diameter of the hole through which the jet was emitted), which leads to combustion.     

Maternal environment and the expression of murine neural tube defects

The role that genetic and environmental factors play in triggering neural tube defects in the mouse mutant curly-tail (ct) were investigated by transplanting curly-tail blastocysts into the uterus of either curly-tail females or females of an unrelated A strain with a low natural incidence of abnormalities of the neural tube. The percentages of fetuses with neural tube defects were found to be similar in both groups. These results show that in curly-tail mice exencephaly and spina bifida are manifested independently of the maternal environment.     

Selective feticide of the affected twin by fetoscopic air embolism

Three twin pregnancies, each with one affected fetus (by microcephaly, haemophilia A and spina bifida respectively) were encountered. Selective feticide was performed at the patient's request by injection of filtered air into an umbilical vessel by fetoscopy. The method was successful in all three pregnancies two of which resulted in a live, healthy baby.     

除尘管道磨损与防磨措施

讲述了除尘管道磨损的危害,对磨损的形成机理及其影响因素进行了分析,提出了防止磨损的技术措施,提供了一种新型结构的防磨弯头.     

加热时钝感炸药LX-17的冲击波感度研究

介绍了钝感炸药 L X- 17的冲击波感度试验。在不同的温度下 ,用不同速度和大小的飞片冲击时 ,测得炸药的起爆阈值 ,发现温度越高 ,速度阈值下降 ,临界起爆面积减小。并对试验结果作了简要分析。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定室内环境空气中TVOC浓度的研究

本文研究了影响气相色谱法测定室内空气中TVOC(总挥发性有机化合物)浓度的主要因素。采样过程中如流量达不到0 . 5L min ,可通过延长采样时间使最终采样体积达到10L ;采样前延长通风时间使室内外空气充分对流,有利于室内残留污染物质的扩散,能反映重新封闭后有机挥发物1h时段内释放的实际浓度。TVOC各组分的热解吸率与该组分的分子量和极性有关;热解吸率随解吸时间的延长而降低,操作中以1～3min比较合适。将初始柱温从5 0℃提高到70℃,不设停留时间,终止温度从2 5 0℃降为2 30℃,可以将样品分析时间由5 5min缩短到32min而对分析结果几乎没有影响。