损伤固体推进剂冲击波作用危险性研究

利用轻气炮产生飞片直接撞击改性双基推进剂及丁羟复合团体推进剂。通过对不同加载条件下回收试件的微观观察，得到不同损伤程度的推进剂，利用锰铜压阻计研究损伤推进剂及未损伤推进剂的冲击起爆过程。结果表明，对已损伤的推进剂．其冲击波作用危险性大大增加。     

爆炸的破坏作用与伤害分区

讨论冲击波的各种破坏准则，即超压准则、冲量准则和超压～冲量准则；提出故爆炸伤害／破坏分区的概念，叙述了伤害／破坏区域划分的具体方法并进行了数值模拟计算。最后，还对中文有些问题作了简要说明。     

Impact of a shock wave on a structure on explosion at altitude

The number of explosive attacks on civilian buildings has recently increased and the pattern of damage inflicted on structures when an explosion takes place at altitude remains quite difficult to predict. The primary aim of the work reported here was to enhance the understanding of how blast waves from an explosion at altitude interact with the ground and with a structure. Small-scale experiments were conducted using a propane–oxygen stoichiometric mixture as explosive. This approach is original because it models high-explosive detonation in terms of gaseous charge explosion using TNT equivalents. Several non-dimensional laws are expressed and validated by experiments. These relationships allow determination of the propagation of a blast wave and its interaction with a structure as a function of the position of the explosive charge when the explosion occurs at altitude. Then, from knowledge of the blast loading, using Hopkinson's scaling law and TNT equivalents, we can predict the interaction of blast waves with the ground and a structure on a real scale. Simulations were performed using the Autodyn code, and good correlation with the experimental results was obtained.     

Computer-aided modeling of the protective effect of explosion relief vents in tunnel structures

This paper aims at contributing to the efficient design of explosion protection systems against confined explosions. The issue addressed concerns the quantitative estimation of the protective effect of explosion relief vents in the case of confined explosions inside tunnels. A series of virtual experiments performed by computer simulation, revealed how the number of vents, their diameter, as well as the angle between the vents and the tunnel, influences the blast wave attenuation. The computational study was performed considering a complicated large-scale tunnel configuration with branches on its half portion. The purpose was the calculation of the attenuation effect due to the presence of vents by comparing the total explosion-specific impulse developing at antidiametric positions inside the tunnel. Simulations were carried out via a three-dimensional numerical model built in the computational fluid dynamics code CFX 5.7.1, which has been validated in previous papers against experimental overpressure histories data demonstrating reasonable performance. Computer results showed that the use of branch vents provides an effective method for shock wave attenuation following an explosion, whereas their statistical elaboration revealed that the attenuation is mainly affected by the number of vents and their diameter. In contrast, the angle between the side vents and the main tunnel appeared to slightly affect the pressure wave weakening. Eventually, the quantitative influence of the above parameters was effectively illustrated in functional diagrams, so that the total attenuation effect may be promptly estimated, if the design variables are known. In addition, two statistical models with reasonable fitting to the calculated data are proposed, which express the attenuation effect as a dependent variable of the design variables including their interactions.     

虚拟振动试验与真实试验相关性分析

卫星虚拟振动试验是当今应用研究的前沿课题。以某中心承力筒为对象,由设计单位提供了承力筒的分析模型和承力筒试件,在相同的试验条件下分别独立地进行虚拟试验和真实试验,对比两者的试验数据,分析虚拟试验与真实试验结果的异同及其产生的原因,对建立的振动台分析模型和虚拟试验研究方法作出评价。     

辐流式斜管沉淀池处理生活污水的实验研究

斜管沉淀池是指在沉淀区内设有斜管的沉淀池。在平流式或竖流式沉淀池的沉淀区内利用倾斜的平行管或平行管道分割成一系列浅层沉淀层,被处理的和沉降的沉泥在各沉淀浅层中相互运动并分离。根据其相互运动方向分为逆(异)向流、同向流和逆向流三种不同分离方式。每两块平行斜板间相当于一个很浅的沉淀池。辐流式沉淀池半桥式周边传动刮泥活性污泥法处理污水工艺过程中沉淀池的理想配套设备适用于一沉池或二沉池,主要功能是为去除沉淀池中沉淀的污泥以及水面表层的漂浮物。一般适用于大中池径沉淀池。辐流式沉淀池采用机械排泥,运行较好,设备较简单,排泥设备已有定型产品,沉淀性效果好,日处理量大,对水体搅动小,有利于悬浮物的去除。本研究通过掌握斜管沉淀池的构造功能及沉淀原理、通过改变运行因素来验证斜管沉淀池的处理效率。     

延迟焦化加热炉炉管结焦分析及应对措施

论述了延迟焦化加热炉炉管内结焦机理及影响因素,对加热炉炉管结焦原因和易结焦部位进行了分析,指出炉管结焦的危害及判断方法,提出了减缓炉管结焦的措施。     

基于LabVIEW和Arduino的无人机辐射监测系统设计与实现

目的克服传统环境核辐射监测的局限性,设计一种搭载GM计数管的固定翼无人机进行高空远距离环境核辐射剂量率监测的系统。方法系统通过编程简单、拓展强等开发特点的Arduino单片机完成探测器的硬件设计,同时利用LabVIEW的强大VISA通讯模块实现地面站的设计,最后借助无人机自驾仪Pixhack以实现对无人机稳定可靠控制。结果系统地面站操作界面简洁,测量数据图表直观。探测器对于放射源具有较好的计数响应。Pixhack对飞行平台有良好的稳定和控制作用。结论系统借助GM计数管作为辐射探测器探头,能够完成高空远程辐射监测任务,在结构设计仍具有很大的拓展空间,可满足日常环境核辐射本底剂量率普查,以及核应急、大范围辐射监测、远程辐射监测等任务。     

基于孔板和文丘里管复合结构空化器的空化效果数值模拟

基于计算软件Fluent,选用在低压区引入空化模型中的混合多相流模型,针对孔板和文丘里管复合空化发生器中孔板在文丘里管喉部前部、中间、后部3种结构对水力空化效果的影响进行了数值模拟计算,获得了汽含率、湍动能以及流线速度矢量分布图等数据。结果表明:文丘里管喉部夹载孔板后空化效果显著提高,而且在文丘里管后部流域中发生了二次空化;空化现象大部分发生在孔板小孔和文丘里管后部,且最高汽含率区域发生在孔板末端区域;多孔孔板置于文丘里管喉部后部时空化效果更加明显。     

Study of the situation deduction of a domino accident caused by overpressure in LPG storage tank area

The production and storage of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is gradually becoming larger and more intensive, which greatly increases the risk of the domino effect of an explosion accident in a storage tank area while improving production and management efficiency. This paper describes the construction of the domino effect scene of an explosion accident in an LPG storage tank area, the analysis of the characteristics of the LPG tank explosion shock wave and the target storage tank failure, and the creation of an ANSYS numerical model to derive the development trend and expansion law of the domino accident in the LPG storage tank area. The research showed that: 400 m³ tank T1 explosion shock waves spread to T2, T4, T5, T3, and T6, and the tank overpressures of 303 kPa, 303 kPa, 172 kPa, 81 kPa, and 61 kPa respectively. The critical values of the target storage tank failure overpressure-range threshold were 70 kPa and 60 m. After the explosion of the initial unit T1 tank, at 38 ms, the T2 and T4 storage tanks failed and exploded; at 56 ms, the T5 storage tank exploded for the third time; at 82 ms, the T3 storage tank exploded for the fourth time; and at 102 ms, the T6 storage tank exploded for the fifth time. With the increase of explosion sources, the failure overpressure of the target storage tank increased, and the interval between explosions continuously shortened, which reflected the expansion effect of the domino accident. The domino accident situation deduction in the LPG storage tank area provided a scientific basis for the safety layout, accident prevention and control, emergency rescue, and management of a chemical industry park.