中、小型制革企业生产废水处理设计及运行结果

介绍了根据制革工业废水污染物浓度高，水质水量多变的特点。从企业的实际出发，采用微电解——二级斜管沉淀工艺路线处理制革生产废水。工程运行表明：4r进水CODCr、BOD5、SS平均浓度分别为1973mg／L、787mg／L、1049mg／L的情况下，排水中CODCr、BOD5和SS平均浓度分别为206mg／L、89mg／L和102mg／L，处理后的水质达到了《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978—1996）中的二级标准。该工程具有投资少，运行费用低，处理效果好，启动速度快的特点，并受气温影响小。因此，特别适合北方寒冷地区的中、小型制革企业的废水治理。     

对一氧化碳气体快速检测的方法研究

笔者研究了快速监测一氧化碳气体的新方法即一氧化碳被动式检气管法。该方法基于气体分子扩散定律和化学吸收反应原理。检气管内的惰性载体涂渍上对一氧化碳有特效的显色剂:氯化钯—稳定剂G-浓硫酸体系。一氧化碳通过检气管端口扩散进入管内,与惰性载体上的显色剂发生反应,从而产生颜色变化。检气管显色长度的平方与一氧化碳浓度及采样时间的乘积在80～800mg/m3范围内(采样一小时)成线性关系,从而求出环境中一氧化碳的时间加权平均浓度。该检气管集采样与分析为一体,可快速测定一氧化碳气体的浓度。经过应用实验表明,该检气管具有较高的灵敏度,基本上达到设计要求。     

瓦斯爆炸火焰波在分叉管路中的传播规律

笔者在研究分叉管路中瓦斯爆炸火焰波传播特征的基础上,分析了管路分叉对瓦斯爆炸过程中火焰传播规律的重要影响。研究结果表明,管道分叉时,管道分叉处为一扰动源,诱导附加湍流,气流湍流度增大,使瓦斯爆炸过程中火焰的传播速度迅速提高,分叉管路支管中火焰在前端是增大的,然后迅速减小;而分叉管直管端口封闭反射对直管管段火焰传播影响很小(端口距各测点较远),火焰在分叉管路直管管段范围是加速的。因此,在矿井开拓中,应尽可能减少不必要的巷道分叉。在巷道分叉处采取保护措施,减少爆炸造成的损失。研究结果对指导现场如何防治瓦斯爆炸,减轻瓦斯爆炸的威力具有重要作用。     

地震荷载作用下沉管地基砂垫层液化的可能性

以广州仑头—生物岛沉管隧道为背景,采用二维动力有限元模拟方法,分析了地震荷载作用下沉管隧道地基的动力响应,得到了地震荷载作用下地基土的动剪应力分布;通过对试验资料的分析,得到了沉管隧道地基砂垫层的抗液化剪应力,以此分析了沉管隧道地基土在地震荷载作用下的液化可能性,并提出了相应的抗液化措施,可供沉管隧道的抗震设计参考。     

The synaptic membrane D2-protein in amniotic fluid from pregnancies with fetal neural tube defects

The D2-protein is a neuronal membrane protein which has an immunochemically detectable soluble derivative in cerebrospinal fluid. We used rocket-on-line immunoelectrophoresis with an antiserum against rat synaptosomal membranes for demonstration of the human D2-protein in fetal cerebrospinal fluid and in amniotic fluids from pregnancies with fetal neural tube defects. D2 was neither found in normal amniotic fluids nor in cases of amniotic fluids from pregnancies with other malformations. Analysis of D2 in amniotic fluids may thus have a future role in the antenatal diagnosis of fetal neural tube defects.     

S-100 protein in amniotic fluid of anencephalic fetuses

S-100 protein, which is found essentially in the astrocytes of the nervous system, was assayed in amniotic fluids by Particle Counting Immuno Assay. It was present in 19 cases of anencephaly out of 26, in 1 case of open spina bifida out of 5 and in each of the 4 cases of fetal death, whereas it was not detected in the 48 control amniotic fluids collected between the 16th and the 35th week of gestation. Thirty-one amniotic fluids from fetuses with other congenital malformations were devoid of detectable S-100. The presence of S-100 in amniotic fluid of anencephalic fetuses can presumably be considered as a biological sign of necrosis of the exencephalic brain and seems specific to damage of the central nervous system accompanied by neural tube defect.     

凝聚炸药的冲击起爆

分析了飞片在炸药内产生高压区的行为，导出高压区中热点发生热爆炸的临界条件；讨论了高压区中侧向能量分配对热点传播的影响，得到了适应性更加广泛的凝聚炸药冲击起爆判据；利用这一判据，对实验结果给予了理论解释。     

Investigations on an evacuated tube solar water heater using hybrid-nano based organic phase change material

ABSTRACT

This work explores the opportunities to address the setback in thermal energy storage of solar-based water heaters by uniting it with a suitable hybrid-nano composite phase change material (HNCPCM) in a static mode of operation. The experiments were conducted on a natural circulation all-glass evacuated solar water heating system (AGSWH). The investigation was steered in five cases such that the first case without any phase change material (PCM), the second with pure paraffin as PCM, and remaining three cases with three different mass percentage of HNCPCMs (0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% mass fraction of hybrid nanoparticles within PCM) in real-time solar exposure. The system was analyzed based on the first and second law of thermodynamics to assess the performance in all the five cases. Erstwhile, the hybrid nanoparticles were prepared by blending equal mass of SiO₂ and CeO₂ nanoparticles and characterized to gauge its thermal storage properties. The achieved results substantiated that the thermal conductivity had boosted with the accumulation of hybrid nanoparticles within the paraffin matrix, and maximum enhancement of 65.56% was attained with 2.0% mass fraction. The first law and second law investigations revealed that the incorporation of hybrid-nano composites improved the energy and exergy content of the system, distinctly. Among the experimented cases, HNCPCM with 1.0 mass% of hybrid nanoparticles remarkably yielded a better result of 19.4% and 1.28% improvement in energy and exergy efficiencies, respectively. Besides, it evidenced the necessity of choosing the right quantity of nanoparticles for achieving better overall results.     

非均质炸药冲击起爆临界判据中起爆参数的研究

以引信传爆序列中传爆管——主装药界面间的爆轰传递为例,研究了非均值炸药的冲击起爆理论,推导了飞片起爆和透射冲击起爆过程中爆轰界面的关键参数ｐ 和τ的计算关系式,对临界起爆能量的计算以及传爆序列的安全设计具有一定的指导意义。     

中空夹层钢管再生混凝土柱火灾后力学性能分析

基于ABAQUS建立中空夹层钢管再生混凝土短柱理论模型,进行受火后加载模拟,受火过程采用ISO-834标准升、降温曲线。进而探究柱构件在受火全过程中的温度分布规律和受火后的力学性能。并分析了受火时间、空心率、取代率、名义含钢率、钢管强度和混凝土强度等参数对柱构件剩余承载力的影响。结果表明:受火时间、含钢率、混凝土强度和钢材强度对构件剩余承载力影响较明显,空心率和取代率对构件剩余承载力影响较小;受火45 min和90 min后,空心率取33.90%能较大限度减轻构件自重,且具备良好的抗火性能。