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81.
Antenatal detection of neural tube defects: Comparison of biochemical and immunofluorescence methods
The aim of this study was to determine whether identification of glial cells in amniotic fluid samples could form a useful supplementary test in the antenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects (NTDs). In a 5-year study, 1452 samples of middle trimester amniotic fluid were examined blind to the results of other antenatal diagnostic tests and to the outcome of pregnancy. Reasons for amniocentesis included raised serum alpha-fetoprotein (329), previous NTD (73), and a family history of NTDs (71). Duplicate cytospin preparations were stained with Giemsa and an antibody to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and on this basis a prediction of fetal NTD status was made which was not communicated to clinicians. Subsequent management of pregnancies was influenced only by the results of routine antenatal testing for NTDs. Twenty cases of NTDs occurred among the 1406 cases in which the outcome was subsequently known. Of these 20 cases, only five (four anencephalic, one spina bifida) were correctly predicted by immunofluorescent identification of GFAP-positive cells in the amniotic fluid. The remaining 15 cases (two anencephalic, 13 spina bifida) were not so identified. In a further 18 cases, apparently GFAP-positive cells were identified in the absence of NTDs. We conclude that GFAP immunofluorescence examination of routine amniocentesis samples of amniotic fluid is not a useful predictive test for NTDs. 相似文献
82.
本文使用含锶空白纸、灵敏度高、记忆效应小的全热解石墨管测定环境样中的锶,提出一种新混合改进剂(钯加酒石酸),能有效消除高氯酸、硝酸以及各种基体的干扰,比较了各原子化温度时理论和实验特征量,使全热解石墨管有可能用于石墨炉原子吸收法测定各种环境样品中的锶,准确度和精度优于5%。 相似文献
83.
采用单缝石英管技术作为火焰原子化器的原子捕集阱,以火焰法测定地表水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd等痕量元素,进一步提高了石英管法的灵敏度。依上述元素的顺序,其方法的最低检出浓度分别为4.0、10.0、1.0、1.0μg·l~(-1);对不同浓度标准溶液的精密度实验,其变异系数分别为0.5%、0.6%、1.6%、0.4%;对地表水加标回收率试验结果分别为95%—106%、100%—105%、95%—109%、84%—99%。 相似文献
84.
85.
Maternal alphafetoproteln screening by the polypropylene tube immunoradiometric assay on dried blood
L. Dallaire A. Grenier G. Ducharme S. B. Melancon M. Potier M. Des Rochers 《黑龙江环境通报》1982,2(4):265-271
The polypropylene tube immunoradiometric assay for alphafetoprotein (AFP) determination was applied to maternal serum along with a radioimmunoassay technique during the second trimester of pregnancy. Blood from pregnant women was collected by finger prick on strips of chromatography paper (Schleicher and Schuell No. 903C) and air dried. A 4·75 mm disc spot was eluted in anti-AFP coated tubes containing 1·0 ml of assay medium. After one hour the medium was vortexed and the tubes washed and counted on a Concept 4tm (Micro- medic Systems, Horsham, PA.19044). The sensitivity of the technique is about 9 μg/l (35 ng/l in the assay) by the Rodbard formula. The concordance between the dried blood and the serum RIA tests in normal pregnancies was over 90 per cent at the 95th and 97th percentiles. This assay on dried blood spotted on chromatography paper was tested on 1003 patients and proved to be an ideal alternative to whole serum screening techniques: it minimizes sample manipulations and can easily be integrated into an existing newborn screening programme. 相似文献
86.
The value of quantitative and qualitative methods of cholinesterase (ChE) analysis in the detection of open neural tube defect (NTD) has been assessed in a prospective survey of 1495 mid-trimester amniotic fluids. Using a quantitative method the mean ChE values were much lower in fluids from pregnancies of normal outcome but it was not possible to discriminate these fluids completely from those associated with NTD pregnancies. particularly when the specimens were contaminated with blood. Similarly, measurement of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity alone by three different methods also failed to eliminate the overlap between the two groups. In contrast, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed only a single band of ChE activity in 1408 out of 1410 fluids from pregnancies with a normal outcome whilst amniotic fluids from all 60 cases of open NTD. 6 out of 7 cases of exomphalos and 3 out of 4 cases of intra-uterine death gave the characteristic second faster-running AChE band. A qualitative gel method which requires the same amount of ChE activity to be loaded from each amniotic fluid is an effective method for pre-natal diagnosis of NTDs. 相似文献
87.
用调查表与因果图法分析重整反应器DC301~304扇形管变形的原因 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
乔桢遴 《安全.健康和环境》2002,2(6):7-10
通过1991年、1992年、2001年3次大检修对重整反应器DC304扇形管下沉数据的实测,发现温度变化是扇形管变形的关健原因. 相似文献
88.
89.
水中磷酸盐含量往往需要现场即时测定。通过研制一种测试管 ,从而能简便、快速的现场测定水中的磷酸盐。化学法测定时间需要 3~ 5h ,而该测试管法仅需 2~ 5min。分析成本大为降低 相似文献
90.