油罐清洗与罐底泥处理技术研究及应用

文章介绍了一种自动清罐与罐底泥处理相结合的清罐洗泥一体化技术,采用真空抽吸及循环自动清洗的方法进行自动清罐,同时采用热化学调质及离心分离的方法,对清罐底泥进行处理。室内实验研究表明在工艺温度80℃、pH值为9～11、洗泥调质时间100～180min的情况下,清罐及罐底泥处理能达到最优效果,并优选出合适的化学药剂。同时介绍了该技术的实际应用情况,该技术可自动清洗油罐,且实现罐底泥的油、泥、水三相分离,回收95%的原油,污水可以100%回用于清罐工艺流程中。     

A framework to minimise total energy consumption and total tardiness on a single machine

A great amount of energy is wasted in industry by machines that remain idle due to underutilisation. A way to avoid wasting energy and thus reducing the carbon print of an industrial plant is to consider minimisation of energy consumption objective while making scheduling decisions. To minimise energy consumption, the decision maker has to decide the timing and length of turn off/turn on operation (a setup) and also provide a sequence of jobs that minimises the scheduling objective, assuming that all jobs are not available at the same time. In this paper, a framework to solve a multiobjective optimisation problem that minimises total energy consumption and total tardiness is proposed. Since total tardiness problem with release dates is an NP‐hard problem, a new greedy randomised multiobjective adaptive search metaheuristic is utilised to obtain an approximate pareto front (i.e. an approximate set of non‐dominated solutions). Analytical Hierarchy Process is utilised to determine the ‘best’ alternative among the solutions on the pareto front. The proposed framework is illustrated in a case study. It is shown that a wide variety of dispersed solutions can be obtained via the proposed framework, and as total tardiness decreases, total energy consumption increases.     

地表水水质自动监测预警方法初探

基于目前我国地表水水质自动监测现状,初步探讨了地表水水质自动监测预警方法体系,提出了水质自动监测预警的整体技术路线,搭建基于突变型预警和渐变型预警的多种预警模型组框架,可以实现对单因子、多因子组合,趋势、状态等不同情况的异常水质数据进行预警,保证了预警的可靠性和准确性。通过实例分析,从水质自动监测数据集成、异常数据判定清洗、预警模型建立与运行、预警信息处理等方面介绍了水质自动监测预警的实现方法。     

基于随机森林模型的辽河高时间分辨率氮、磷浓度模拟与预测

随着环境信息获取技术的飞速发展,水质监测数据逐渐呈现出高时间分辨率的特点.针对传统方法在模拟高频检测数据时的不足,本文基于随机森林建立了河流氮、磷逐日浓度预测模型,识别了影响辽河干流马虎山断面氮、磷浓度变化的主要因素,并预测了未来不同情景下氮、磷浓度变化特征.结果表明：①马虎山断面氮、磷浓度变化的主要影响因素是上游珠尔山断面的来水水质和本断面的流量;②随机森林模型在高时间分辨率的水质指标模拟中具有误差低和拟合优度高的特点,其中,TN浓度预测模型的RMSE为0.40 mg·L^-1,R²为0.95,TP浓度预测模型的RMSE为0.01 mg·L^-1,R²为0.96;③在不同水文、污染控制和来水水质的变化情景下,未来马虎山断面氮、磷浓度变化主要取决于上游 来水水质,加强全流域营养盐控制是确保断面水质稳定达标的重要基础.     

矿用润湿型压裂液的制备与性能分析*

为有效减少煤矿开采时粉尘的生成量,降低综采区粉尘含量。基于自由基聚合和季铵化反应制备1种润湿型压裂液。通过单因素实验,确定最优配比是200 mL水,5 g油酸,0.3 g过硫酸钾,3 g N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,2 mL环氧氯丙烷,2 g氯化钾和2 g水杨酸钠。对压裂液的反应过程、微观结构、剪切黏度、剪切稳定性、滤失性、润湿型性和清洁性进行研究。研究结果表明:该压裂液具有较高的剪切黏度和较佳的剪切稳定性,有利于注入煤层;具有较低的滤失性,便于压裂造缝;具有良好的润湿能力,能够有效地渗透到煤层中去;具有残渣含量少等特点,清洁性良好。     

Streamflow Hydrology Estimate Using Machine Learning (SHEM)

Continuity and accuracy of near real‐time streamflow gauge (streamgage) data are critical for flood forecasting, assessing imminent risk, and implementing flood mitigation activities. Without these data, decision makers and first responders are limited in their ability to effectively allocate resources, implement evacuations to save lives, and reduce property losses. The Streamflow Hydrology Estimate using Machine Learning (SHEM) is a new predictive model for providing accurate and timely proxy streamflow data for inoperative streamgages. SHEM relies on machine learning (“training”) to process and interpret large volumes (“big data”) of historic complex hydrologic information. Continually updated with real‐time streamflow data, the model constructs a virtual dataset index of correlations and groups (clusters) of relationship correlations between selected streamgages in a watershed and under differing flow conditions. Using these datasets, SHEM interpolates estimated discharge and time data for any indexed streamgage that stops transmitting data. These estimates are continuously tested, scored, and revised using multiple regression analysis processes and methodologies. The SHEM model was tested in Idaho and Washington in four diverse watersheds, and the model's estimates were then compared to the actual recorded data for the same time period. Results from all watersheds revealed a high correlation, validating both the degree of accuracy and reliability of the model.     

英法炼油环保与清洁生产考察

英、法两国政府制订了既严格又切实可行的环保法规和标准，鼓励企业推行清洁生产。追求更好的环保业绩已成为企业经营活动的重要组成部分。“低压湿式氧化”技术可在低温、低压的条件下处理高浓度的有机废水。     

基于三坐标测量仪测量角度及不确定度分析

通过三坐标测量仪对机械加工零件的外锥和内锥进行测量分析。对一些通用量具无法测量的角度提供准确的数值。利用不确定度评定标准公式计算出三坐标测量角度的不确定度分析。经过三坐标测量仪的先进技术改变现代通用量具的测量方法,提高通用量具无法达到的高精度测量时代,为高精度测量提供了一种新的测量手段。     

天津钢铁行业烧结烟气脱硫治理工程实践

天津两大钢铁企业分别采用LJS-FGD技术和石灰-石膏湿法工艺进行烧结烟气脱硫。通过分析两种脱硫方法的工程实践数据,从其脱硫效果、除尘脱硝效果、能耗技术指标等方面对两种脱硫方法进行比较:LJS-FGD技术在保证脱硫脱硝效果的基础上,具有总投资低、占地面积小、能耗低、污染小、运行成本低等特点;石灰-石膏湿法脱硫脱硝效果好,但能耗高,占地面积大,设备易于腐蚀。     

广州部分区域表层土壤中有机氯农药分布特征

通过在冬、夏两季对广州市部分市区和远郊区的表层土壤样品中OCPs(有机氯农药)的采样和气相色谱-电子捕获检测法分析,对OCPs残留现状进行了研究.结果表明,土壤中w(HCHs)为0.29～14.90 ng/g,未超过GB 15618—1995《土壤环境质量标准》的一级自然背景值.w(DDTs)为nd～697.70 ng/g.海珠区和黄埔区部分地点w(DDTs)超过一级自然背景值.DDTs为主要残留有机氯农药,平均占w(OCPs)的85.1%.所观察到的较低的w(α-HCH)/w(γ-HCH)(小于1)和w(γ-HCH)>w(β-HCH)的结果,有可能是林丹输入所致.一些地点可能有新的DDT输入.按土地利用类型划分,表层土壤中w(OCPs)为工业区>农田>果园>未利用地>居民区绿地>森林公园.