燃煤退火炉的黑烟治理

分析了燃煤退火炉黑烟产生的原因和治理现状;提出使用抽条平推炉排燃煤机(由机械进煤代替人工加煤),有效地治理了黑烟,而且还有较好的节能效果。     

典型背景点降水化学组份的分析

在全球背景降水的三种类型背景点中，海洋型背景降水受海洋大气环流控制，化学组份来源于海洋气溶胶，内陆在海洋相间型背景降水的化学组份主要来源于海洋气溶胶与仙陆大气污染物，内陆型大气背景降水的化学组份则主要来源于杨法和内陆大气传输。     

用梯度氧化铝膜净化空气

研究了孔径沿径向由大到小自然过渡的梯度氧化铝陶瓷膜管对空气的过滤净化。梯度氧化铝膜管控制层平均孔径为 0 2 μm ,对于空气中粒径大于或等于 0 2 2 μm的颗粒 ,膜管的截留率达到 10 0 % ;细菌的总滤除率为 99 99%。提高操作压力和错流线速度都有利于提高膜的过滤通量。空气净化过程中截留在空气中的微粒沉积于梯度氧化铝膜的管内壁 ,防止膜管的深层堵塞 ,使用过程通量下降缓慢 ,一次性使用寿命为 4年 ,易于清洗 ,清洗后过滤通量和过滤效率仍达 10 0 %     

美国自来水行业消毒现状和展望

为了了解美国自来水行业消毒现状,在查阅了相关外文文献的基础上,对相关资料进行总结和分析.结果表明:氯气虽然仍是最广泛使用的消毒方式,但出于人们对健康安全的关注和许多饮用水法规的实施,使用氯气的水厂数量在不断减少.     

Application of the quadratic entropy indices for diversity studies of drosophilid assemblages

Most diversity indices widely used in ecology (e.g. the Shannon-Wiener index and the Gini-Simpson index) do not reflect taxonomic or other differences among species. Quadratic entropy, proposed by C.R. Rao (1982), takes these differences into account. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the application of this diversity index in investigations of drosophilid species diversity. Quadratic entropy and Simpson index values are also compared. The elements of the difference matrix in the quadratic form are taxonomic differences (distances) among the species. The difference is defined by the position of the lowest-ranking taxon containing both species. According to the results, the Gini-Simpson index and the taxonomic quadratic entropy are positively correlated. The observed differences are due to the fact that assemblages with greater taxonomic distances produce greater quadratic entropy. Drosophilid species can be assigned to specific life habit classes, more specifically to resource types. After postulating differences between the types, we used the quadratic entropy measure to analyse resource diversity. These kinds of examinations approximate to an operative association of species diversity and environmental diversity.     

CTL-12型化学需氧量测定仪应用研究

采用CTL-12型化学需氧量测定仪测定CODCr,并与传统的重铬酸钾法比较。实验结果表明,该仪器适用于多种废水、不同浓度CODCr的测定,具有准确、简便、快速等特点。     

基于公司行业结构的哈尔滨跨区域联系网络分析

在“流动空间”背景下,城市网络中次级城市受到区域经济研究的关注。区域内部及跨区域联系对次级城市发展的作用关系到城市区际合作的成败,但对其认识存在差异。以行业结构作为切入点,基于机器学习行业分类后的工商企业数据,研究哈尔滨与东北地区城市联系的总量变化及行业特征,发现:（1）哈尔滨的内向经济联系中,东北地区城市的重要性在减退,其外向网络腹地范围正在缩小;（2）哈尔滨与东北地区的产业联系有制造业联系下降及服务业低端化的趋势;（3）与全国相比,东北地区内部缺乏“服务中心”。通过研究哈尔滨与东北地区以外城市联系与距离、地区生产总值（GRP）等的关系,以及行业比较优势,发现:（1）哈尔滨联系网络呈现无标度网络特征,与国家中心城市的联系不符合距离衰减规律,且连接度与GRP强线性正相关;（2）哈尔滨的高级生产者服务业联系集聚化,制造业与其他服务业联系偏长尾分布。相对于联系广度,更应重视与少数“服务中心”的联系质量。     

基于机器学习的成渝地区空气质量数值预报PM2.5订正方法研究

空气质量预报对于大气污染防治、打赢蓝天保卫战意义重大.本研究基于重庆市气象局的中尺度天气模式（WRF）和空气质量数值预报模式（CMAQ）的预报产品,采用2018年4个代表月份（1、4、7、10月,分别代表冬、春、夏和秋季）成渝地区22个观测站点的PM_2.5浓度和气象要素观测数据,建立基础特征变量数据集（包括训练数据集和测试数据集）,通过调整模型参数,并利用训练数据集采用机器学习方法（Lasso回归、随机森林回归、深度学习RNN-LSTM）进行模型训练,订正了成渝地区PM_2.5数值预报.其中,通过Lasso回归算法对成渝地区4个区域分别进行变量优选,优化模型,利用测试数据集对模型进行测试并检验评估.结果表明,基于3种机器学习方法订正后的PM_2.5小时浓度相比CMAQ模式模拟预报结果,偏差显著降低,相关系数显著提高.其中,随机森林回归和RNN-LSTM的订正效果优于Lasso回归,区域统计与站点统计结果较为一致;Lasso回归订正后的均方根误差减小50%左右,相关系数达70%,随机森林回归和RNN-LSTM订正后的均方根误差减小70%左右,相关系数达90%,随机森林回归与RNN-LSTM订正后的偏差范围相比Lasso回归集中范围更窄,最大概率分布更集中;3种方法对不同季节的订正效果与全年一致,其中,冬季订正效果更为显著.研究结果可为提高我国重点城市群区域—成渝地区PM_2.5浓度的大气污染预报能力提供有益参考.     

兰州北山不同植被土壤可培养微生物丰度变化特征及影响因素

以黄土高原中部的兰州北山为对象,通过野外取样和室内分析,动态监测黄土高原半干旱区两种人工林地生态系统的微生物类群分布规律.结果表明：试验区环境因子差异较大,林地土壤含水量、有机碳、全氮均高于荒地.全磷随植被类型变化差异不显著,随季节变化差异显著.土壤温度夏季 > 秋季 > 春季 > 冬季,土壤容重与有机碳、全氮含量呈显著负相关.不同植被类型土壤微生物丰度四季变化趋势为：细菌 > 放线菌 > 真菌的分布规律.微生物类群总数整体表现为林地高于荒地.回归分析显示：土壤pH值与细菌数量、放线菌数量及微生物总数均呈显著正相关（P < 0.05）,而与真菌呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）;土壤容重与真菌数量呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）;土壤温度与细菌、真菌及微生物总数均表现出显著正相关（P < 0.05）.通径分析表明,pH值对细菌数量的直接通径系数最大,容重对真菌数量的直接通径系数最大,土壤含水量对放线菌数量直接通径系数最大.研究显示,兰州北山植被恢复区土壤的有机碳、全氮、全磷等林地高于荒地,表明植被恢复对微生物的数量与种类有影响,且混交林的造林方式适宜兰州北植被恢复.     

Thermal performance of ice-making machine with a multi-channel evaporator

An experimental investigation is presented in this paper on the vapor compression refrigeration cycle used in an ice-making machine with a multi-channel evaporator. To study the operation performance of the refrigeration system in the ice-making machine, the fluid temperature distribution in multi-channel evaporating coils are tested and the dynamic variations in each cooling loop are investigated during the ice-generating phase. The results show that the external cooling loops have the largest temperature fluctuations caused by the large initial refrigerant injecting mass flow and the external environmental disturbances. For the inner cooling loops, the related temperature profiles of different test points have relative stable variations. To reduce the temperature fluctuations of the outside loops, it is suggested to reduce the initial refrigerant mass flow and adjust the initial opening of the thermal expansion valve. Moreover, it is the normal phenomenon for the slight temperature variations for the temperature curves of different test points, caused by the adjustment of thermal expansion valve. During the ice-making process, both the sensible heat removal phase and latent heat removal phase are experienced successively. To remove the sensible heat of water, the refrigerant system is operating in high efficiency with test points having a rapid linear temperature reduction. While for eliminating the latent heat of ice, it requires much more power supply, the relating test points have a temperature decrease with fluctuations. To improve the operation performance of ice machine, some suggestions and improvements are proposed.