抛丸机滤筒除尘器技术改造设计与实践

为解决抛丸机滤筒除尘器运行中存在的问题,进行了技术改造,通过改变新建除尘器的滤筒布置方式和脉冲清灰方式,减小过滤阻力,原有除尘器继续保留作为应急备用机,两台除尘器可切换运行,并且可在同一个HMI画面上进行操作,改造结果满足除尘要求。     

Formation of resistance in the Chironomus plumosus to four pesticides over 45 generations

A study was conducted on the Chironomus plumosus larvae to determine initiation of resistance to four pesticides – chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, and malathion. First generational LC₅₀ values were well within the threshold value for chironomids based upon the literature. Subsequent LC₅₀ values were observed to increase, indicating a lessening of the toxicity of the pesticides to the chironomid. In the case of chlorfenvinphos, the 96 h LC₅₀ for generations 1–23 was 6 µg L^?1, in generations 3–7 was 8.57 µg L^?1 and 11.14 µg L^?1 for generations 8–9. Generations 10–12 had an LC₅₀ value of 22.58 µg L^?1 and generation 13 had an LC₅₀ value of 35.08 µg L^?1. Generation 14 had an LC₅₀ value of 47.58 µg L^?1. Generations 15–19 and 20–24 had 96 h LC₅₀ values of 60.68 µg L^?1, 72.58 µg L^?1, 85.08 µg L^?1, 97.58 µg L^?1 and 110.08 µg L^?1, respectively. Generations 25, 26 to 30, 31 to 38 and 39 to 45 had 96 h LC₅₀ values of 160.42 µg L^?1, 210.7 µg L^?1, 262.24 µg L^?1 and 274.36 µg L^?1, respectively. The variation between LC₅₀ values was found to be statistically significant. This was observed for most pesticides tested. Larval size and life cycle duration was observed to change from generation to generation with the body size decreasing markedly from 1 to 0.3 cm with life cycle increasing from 7 to 39 days.     

Transport of the insecticides chlorpyrifos,chlorfenvinphos, carbofuran,carbosulfan, and furathiocarb from soil into the foliage of cauliflower and Brussels sprouts plants grown in the field

In several field assays made in different locations in 1988 and 1989, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts plants were treated some days after plantation by pouring onto soil around the stem of the plant one of the insecticides chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinphos, carbofuran, carbosulfan, or furathiocarb, for protection against the root fly. During plant growth, each of the insecticides (and their soil metabolites) was transported from soil into the plant foliage, where it could give—during a certain period of time—a secondary plant protection against the foliage insects. The foliage concentrations of the non systemic chlorpyrifos and chlorfenvinphos were equal or greater than 1 mg/kg fresh weight during a period of about 44 days after soil treatment in Brussels sprouts crops, and 35 days in cauliflower crops. Comparison of 1988 and 1989 however showed that these periods of time changed according to the weather conditions, especially rainfall. These periods of time were greater when the insecticide soil concentrations were greater—and thus when the rates of insecticide soil metabolism were smaller— and when the rainfall were greater—water transporting the insecticides from soil to the foliage. Similar relationships were observed with the systemic insecticides carbofuran, carbosulfan and furathiocarb; the weights per plant of insecticide compounds transported from soil into the foliage however were greater with these systemic insecticides than they were with the non systemic chlorpyrifos and chlorfenvinphos. The extreme values observed for the periods of time of insecticide foliage concentrations equal or greater than 1 mg/kg fresh weight thus were: 1. in cauliflower crops: 21 to 36 days for chlorpyrifos, and 23 to 39 days for chlorpyrifos + oxon; 24 to 37 days for chlorfenvinphos; 20 to 48 days for carbofuran; 2. in Brussels sprouts crops: 43 to 49 days for chlorpyrifos; 47 to 53 days for chlorpyrifos + oxon; 41 to 45 days for chlorfenvinphos; between 2 to 3 months for carbofuran, carbofuran + carbosulfan, and carbofuran + furathiocarb in the fields treated respectively with either carbofuran, carbosulfan, or furathiocarb. Moreover, in the spring and summer cauliflower crops made on fields onto which continuous cauliflower crops—with their soil insecticide treatments—had been made since a greater number of years (greater soil “history”), the insecticide compounds soil and foliage concentrations generally were lower.     

Possible Use of Ash Residues for the Construction of Artificial Reefs at Sea

Utilization of ash residues, including coal ash, oil ash, and municipal solid waste combustion ash, for the construction of artificial reefs at sea has been investigated by many researchers throughout the world for nearly 20 years. Both laboratory and field studies have shown that an artificial reef made of stabillized ash-concrete (SAC) has had no adverse effect on the marine environment. Indeed, published studies have shown that fish counts increase around SAC reefs owing to an abundance of colonizing organisms and to protection provided by cavities within the reef structures. However, public and regulatory resistance to the use of SAC for artificial reef construction at sea is still very strong in certain countries due to concern for possible negative environmental impacts, primarily in the area of bioaccumulation of elements or compounds originating from the ash component of SAC.

In this paper, technological feasibility of using ash residues for artificial reef construction is presented, based on the available 20 years of scientific data, including engineering workability, physical integrity, chemical leaching potential and biological effects. More important, we also identify conceptual barriers for the acceptance of using SAC for the construction of ocean reefs and suggest approaches to overcome these barriers.     

Rural residents and choice of building earthquake-resistant house: results of a choice experiment study

Rural settlements, especially in developing countries, are disproportionally vulnerable to natural hazards due to both biophysical and social vulnerability. Building hazard-resistant houses requires a thorough understanding of hazards and institutional and financial resources. However, it is equally important for planners and policymakers to know how rural residents make the tradeoff between various housing attributes when provided with the resources such as low-interest housing construction loans. In this study, we use a choice experiment (CE) to examine rural households' preference for earthquake resistance when building houses. A total of 300 households from randomly selected villages in central districts of Guilan Province in Iran were recruited for a CE study in which they had to choose between a number of houses that differed in terms of the required construction loan, resistance to earthquakes, size, and exterior and interior designs. Our results show that the average resident preferred larger houses with better exterior and interior designs to more earthquake-resistant houses, and is willing to spend more on these attributes than earthquake safety. These results indicate that rural households are willing to receive loans to improve their houses but that this does not translate into more earthquake-resistant houses.     

矿井定常湍流脉动对通风阻力测试影响的理论分析

受湍流脉动影响,矿井通风阻力测试结果的数值波动是不可避免的。为探究湍流脉动对通风阻力测试的影响程度,以压差计测阻法为例进行理论分析。根据阻力测定原理和能量方程,在定常圆管流动条件下,导出湍流脉动影响下倾斜压差计测量示值波动范围的计算表达式;理论分析测试巷道的断面尺寸和风速大小对数值波动幅度和测试精度的影响。结果表明,压差计示值的波动幅度与当地湍流强度及风速的平方成正比;巷道风速的量级是压能波动的主导因素,测试风速越大,液面数值涨落幅度越大,波动现象越明显;而数值波动幅度大不等同于测试精度低,小断面大风速巷道中易获得满意的测试精度而大断面巷道中无论风速高低均不易获得较高测试精度。为减小湍流脉动造成的通风阻力测试的随机误差,需在短时间内进行多次测试取统计平均结果,这在大断面巷道的阻力测试中尤为重要。     

基于不同岩层组合对底板阻水效应的流固耦合机理研究

为了探究不同岩层组合底板对承压水的阻隔效果,以淮北矿区下组煤底板为研究 对象,建立了三种不同组合特征底板模型。基于FISH语言对FLAC3D软件进行二次开发, 对流固耦合条件下不同组合特征底板采动应力及围岩渗透性进行了综合分析。结果表明 :流固耦合条件下,底板采后应力转换点深度较不考虑底板水压条件下加深,且底板深 部出现了明显的卸压现象;硬软型底板采后卸荷程度及应力转换点降幅最大,而软硬相 间型底板受最小;硬软型底板采后渗透性提高4.5倍,而软硬相间型底板仅提高1.4倍, 研究结果揭示出软硬相间岩层组合底板阻水效果最好,而硬软型底板最差。     

不同结构主扇扩散器局部阻力研究

在大主扇通风系统中多采用低压大流量风机,在风机出风段多安装扩散器,主要作用是降低出口动压提高风机静压而达到回收出风口断面动能的效果。重点分析风流在流经不同结构扩散器时的流场以及出口的动能损失,叙述了紊流过程中产生阻力的原因,实验测定风流在扩散器后的静压和出口断面的速度。通过数值模拟和实验证明:流线型扩散器局部阻力较小,且具有较高的动能回收率和扩散器效率。结果表明此内容研究对研究扩散器的最优设计参数和通风节能具有一定的指导作用。     

新型高分子抑尘剂的性能实验研究

为了进一步改善抑尘剂抑尘性能,自主研发了新型高分子抑尘剂。以阜新发电厂末煤为实验原型,对8组小煤堆 在自然条件下进行抑尘性能实验。研究其表面固化效果、耐水冲蚀性、抗风蚀性、流动性等主要性能,得出其在不同条 件下的最佳浓度配比。实验结果表明:新型抑尘剂具有良好的抑尘功能,其耐水冲蚀性和抗风蚀性随抑尘剂浓度增加而 增强。在多雨地区,抑尘剂溶液最佳浓度是3%,浓度大于3%时抑尘剂耐水冲蚀性随浓度增加效果不明显;在干燥多风地 区,当煤堆储存在30天以内时,抑尘剂溶液最佳浓度范围为1%~3%,储存30~50天时,最佳浓度范围为3%~4%,储存在50 天以上时,最佳浓度为5%。抑尘剂溶液流动性随浓度增加而降低,高浓度抑尘剂喷洒时不易实现均匀喷洒,浓度超过3% 的抑尘剂喷洒时需提前用低浓度溶液进行预湿润。     

冀西北间山盆地区景观格局变化及优化研究——以河北省怀来县为例

景观格局的改变会对区域生态系统功能产生影响,对其格局进行优化调控是维持区域生态系统功能稳定性的重要手段。研究以怀来县为例,通过解译判读1993、2003和2013年3期遥感影像,分析了研究区景观格局特征,发现研究区景观破碎化程度呈上升趋势,结合各景观类型在地形位上的分布特征和生态系统服务功能,运用最小累积阻力模型构建了生态源地、生态廊道和生态节点等景观组分,整体连通性指数（dIIC）和可能连通性指数（dPC）评价结果表明河流交汇处及水库周边等区域对景观连通性重要值最大,然后划分了景观生态维持区、景观生态恢复区、景观生态功能强化区和景观生态功能保护区,为该地区景观生态优化提供指导 借鉴。