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961.
Antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of Escherichia coli isolates from traditional and integrated aquaculture in South China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rui-Quan Zhang Guang-Guo Ying Hao-Chang Su Li-Jun Zhou You-Sheng Liu 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(11):999-1013
This study investigated antibiotic resistance profiles including antibiotic resistance frequencies, resistance genes and resistance patterns in Escherichia coli strains isolated from traditional and integrated aquaculture systems in South China by using antibiotic susceptibility testing and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The E. coli isolates were found to be resistant to at least one antibiotic among 12 antibiotics. Higher resistance frequencies to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprime, streptomycin and tetracycline were found compared to the rest antibiotics. Among the 10 tetracycline resistance genes detected in the resistant isolates, the most prevalent tetracycline resistance genes were tetA, tetW and tetB with the frequency of 69.7%, 63.5% and 21.9%, respectively. Three sulfonamide resistance genes were detected in these resistant isolates, with their detection frequencies in the following order: sul2 (55.3%) > sul3 (28.2%) > sul1 (6.2%). Four resistance genes mainly encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were detected in these resistant isolates, with the detection frequencies of blaTEM (28.4%) > blaOXA (9.7%) > blaCTX (9.3%) > blaCARB (5.2%) > blaSHV (0.0%). It was found that the integrated aquaculture system exhibited generally higher prevalence of antibiotic resistance than the traditional aquaculture system. An integrated aquaculture system could facilitate development of bacterial resistance and spread of the antibiotic resistance genes, and consequently become an important reservoir of resistance genes. 相似文献
962.
《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):475-484
Abstract The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of spontaneous acquisition of resistance to select antibiotics by Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) when grown in glucose amended continuous flow culture at slow (D = 0.025 h? 1) or fast (D = 0.27 h? 1) dilution rates. The bacterium was grown in LB minimal medium (pH 6.25) containing no antibiotics. Upon achieving steady state, samples were plated to tryptic soy agar (TSA) alone or supplemented (per ml) with 2 and 16 μg oxytetracycline, 4 and 16 μg tetracycline, 2 and 64 μg kanamycin, and 0.25 and 2 μg enrofloxacin. Regardless of growth rate, CFU of resistant ST from the TSA containing antibiotics was less than 2 × 101 except for 2 μg kanamycin and 0.25 μg enrofloxacin treatments (higher than 1 × 109 and 4 × 107 CFU of resistant ST for trials 1 and 2, respectively). Frequency of recovering resistant ST from the TSA containing the higher antibiotic concentrations was less than 1 in 109 for all antibiotics, but was higher on the media containing 2 μg kanamycin and 0.25 μg enrofloxacin at both slow and fast growth rates. In general, minimal susceptibility differences were detected for isolates from slow and fast dilution rates. 相似文献
963.
Assessment of vancomycin resistance transfer among enterococci of clinical importance in milk matrix
《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2012,47(12):925-929
AbstractDissemination of vancomycin resistance in enterococci has been associated with horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements. Aim of the study was to evaluate if milk matrix is a suitable environment to support transferability of vancomycin resistance (vanA) gene from clinical vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus faecalis. Enterococci strains were firstly screened for the presence of cpd (inducible sex pheromone determinant) gene, vanA and tetL genes (vancomycin and tetracycline resistance markers, respectively) and the gelE (extracellular metalloendopeptidase) gene to define the mating pairs. Based on these selection markers, we investigated the transferability of eight plasmid-borne vanA harbored by E. faecium (vanA+, cpd-, tetL- and gelE-) into two E. faecalis (vanA-, cpd+, tetL?+?and gelE+) recipient strains in milk matrix. The strains were mated in a 1:1 ratio in 7% reconstituted milk and incubated at 37?°C. Transconjugants emerged from all 16 matings within 2?h of incubation and were evidenced by dual antibiotic resistance (vancomycin and tetracycline). The vancomycin-resistance of trasconjugants was maintained even after ten subsequent passages on nonselective medium. Transconjugants were positive for vanA, tetL and gelE genes. This study indicates milk matrix as suitable environment to support gene exchange between Enterococcus species. 相似文献
964.
城市地震灾害风险区划的研究 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
为了研究城市面临的地震灾害风险,笔者在充分考虑地震灾害风险在空间上分布不均的基础上,提出城市地震灾害风险区划网格的划分原则,分析并总结与地震灾害风险评价相关的工程易损性分析方法,并在上述研究的基础上,探讨基于人员死亡数量和经济损失为标度的地震灾害风险计算方法,为城市抗震防灾规划编制提供依据。以厦门市地震灾害风险区划分为例进行了风险区划网格划分,并计算了不同网格的地震灾害风险,找出了厦门市地震风险严重的区域,为今后有针对性地进行抗震防灾工作提供有益的借鉴。 相似文献
965.
本文探讨了耐高过载概念的基本内涵,阐述了军用MCM耐高过载技术研究的主要内容及其应用情况,介绍了MCM耐高过载技术研究和应用在近期及未来的发展方向。 相似文献
966.
967.
壳聚糖对烟草抗黑胫病的作用 总被引:35,自引:0,他引:35
研究表明,壳聚糖除了对烟草黑胫病菌(Phytophthora parasitica)有抑制作用外,还能诱导烟草植株的抗病性。烟苗经浓度为0.5gL^-1和1gL^-1的壳聚糖处理4d后,诱导效应分别为78.56%和100%,用浓度为1gL^-1的壳聚糖处理烟草幼苗,叶片中的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(PO)和多酶氧化酶(PPO)3种防御酶的活性均比CK有所提高。 相似文献
968.
微塑料(MPs)和抗生素耐药基因(ARGs)是共存于污水处理厂中的典型新污染物.MPs已被证明能够改变污泥中ARGs的分布模式,但其对污水中胞外ARGs(feARGs)的影响及机制仍不清楚.采用荧光定量PCR技术探究了典型MPs(聚苯乙烯PS)暴露60 d后污水中feARGs(包括tetC、tetO、sul1和sul2)的动态变化特征及机制.结果表明,四环素类feARGs绝对丰度在nm级和mm级PS暴露下分别降低了28.4 %~76.0 %和35.2 %~96.2 %,在μm级PS暴露下变化了-55.4 %~122.4 %.PS对磺胺类sul1的促进效果呈nm级 > μm级 > mm级趋势,且ρ(PS)为50 mg·L-1 对sul1丰度扰动幅度更大.磺胺类sul2的相对丰度在μm级和mm级PS暴露后分别削减了25.4 %~42.6 %和46.1 %~90.3 %,在nm级PS暴露后增加了1.9~3.9倍;ρ(PS)为50 mg·L-1对sul2的削减作用高于ρ(PS)为0.5 mg·L-1.Pearson相关性分析显示,PS暴露下feARGs相对丰度与细胞膜通透性和典型可移动遗传元件(intI1)丰度成正相关,与活性氧水平成负相关.研究结果阐明了PS对污水中feARGs的影响及其机制,可为污水中MPs与ARGs复合污染的防治提供科学依据. 相似文献
969.
970.
为了解决矿用水泥基封孔材料的抗冲击性问题,利用DTM-1000落锤冲击试验机研究不同掺量聚丙烯纤维对水泥基封孔材料抗冲击性能的影响,试验更接近于工程实际。在试验基础上初步探讨纤维素对水泥基材料的抗冲击性能提升的机理,为了进一步提高水泥基封孔材料的抗冲击性,利用试验研究不同玻璃纤维和聚丙烯纤维的混合比例对封孔材料抗冲击性的影响。最终得出当聚丙烯纤维和玻璃纤维混合比在1.5∶1为最佳提高水泥基材料的抗冲击性的比例。矿用改性水泥基封孔材料的抗冲击性能试验对提高水泥基封孔材料的抗冲击性能研究具有重要的参考意义。 相似文献