膜堵塞机理研究与膜阻力测定

对膜污染堵塞机理进行了深入的研究 ,提出了膜内部的生物堵塞机理 ,指出膜表面的浓差极化、膜表面与膜孔内的污染、膜内部的生物堵塞是造成膜通量下降的主要原因。同时对膜阻力进行了测定 ,得出实验所用超滤膜组件的自身阻力Rm 为 5 4 4× 10 1 2 m- 1 ,膜污染产生的总阻力RZ 为 19 88× 10 1 2 m- 1 ,RZ 约是Rm 的 3 6倍 ,是导致膜通量下降的主要因素。     

辉光离子氮化对马氏体不锈钢性能的影响

对 1Crl3马氏体不锈钢进行了辉光离子氮化处理试验 ,并对氮化试样的金相和硬度进行了分析测定。结果表明 5 2 0℃辉光离子氮化 8h ,使 1Crl3马氏体不锈钢的氮化层深度达到 0 .2 5mm ,最高硬度达到HV732 ,约为基体硬度的 4倍。     

添加粉煤灰对污泥比阻影响的研究

污泥脱水是污泥处理中重要的一环.本研究采用电厂废弃物粉煤灰对未脱水污泥改性,经过改性的污泥比阻降低,改善污泥脱水性能,并对产生这一现象的机制进行了探讨.     

Evaluating and Ranking the Vulnerability of Global Marine Ecosystems to Anthropogenic Threats

Abstract:  Marine ecosystems are threatened by a suite of anthropogenic stressors. Mitigating multiple threats is a daunting task, particularly when funding constraints limit the number of threats that can be addressed. Threats are typically assessed and prioritized via expert opinion workshops that often leave no record of the rationale for decisions, making it difficult to update recommendations with new information. We devised a transparent, repeatable, and modifiable method for collecting expert opinion that describes and documents how threats affect marine ecosystems. Experts were asked to assess the functional impact, scale, and frequency of a threat to an ecosystem; the resistance and recovery time of an ecosystem to a threat; and the certainty of these estimates. To quantify impacts of 38 distinct anthropogenic threats on 23 marine ecosystems, we surveyed 135 experts from 19 different countries. Survey results showed that all ecosystems are threatened by at least nine threats and that nine ecosystems are threatened by > 90% of existing threats. The greatest threats (highest impact scores) were increasing sea temperature, demersal destructive fishing, and point-source organic pollution. Rocky reef, coral reef, hard-shelf, mangrove, and offshore epipelagic ecosystems were identified as the most threatened. These general results, however, may be partly influenced by the specific expertise and geography of respondents, and should be interpreted with caution. This approach to threat analysis can identify the greatest threats (globally or locally), most widespread threats, most (or least) sensitive ecosystems, most (or least) threatened ecosystems, and other metrics of conservation value. Additionally, it can be easily modified, updated as new data become available, and scaled to local or regional settings, which would facilitate informed and transparent conservation priority setting.     

模拟酸雨对杜仲抗性生理及药用有效成分含量的影响

研究了模拟酸雨对杜仲抗性生理及药用成分绿原酸、桃叶珊瑚甙、总黄酮含量的影响.结果表明,春夏秋季在系列模拟酸雨胁迫下,杜仲叶叶液pH值、K 、Ca2 含量随酸雨pH值降低而降低,呈显著正相关;杜仲叶膜保护酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和膜保护物质抗坏血酸(AsA)含量在春夏两季随酸雨pH值降低呈单峰曲线型变化,秋季则均随酸雨pH值降低而降低,且呈显著正相关;抗性物质脯氨酸(Pro)含量春夏两季随酸雨pH值降低而升高,呈显著负相关,秋季则在pH3.0和2.5的强酸雨胁迫下急剧降低;膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量无论春夏秋季均与酸雨pH值呈显著负相关;春季仅pH2.5的强酸雨对杜仲叶绿原酸、桃叶珊瑚甙和总黄酮等药用成分含量影响较大,夏秋两季各药用有效成分则均随酸雨pH值降低而降低,呈显著正相关.图1表2参27     

杨树抗旱性研究进展

The drought resistance of woody plants, in particular, Populus, was reviewed in this paper. Studies about drought resistance of Populus mostly focused on changes in growth properties, physiological adaptation and biochemical aspects, but a few on molecular biology. The indexes of drought adaptation and productivity were analyzed and these indexes could be employed to identify drought resistance of woody plants. Combination of such different approaches will, hopefully, give us a more complete understanding of the various regulatory mechanisms in trees than what we may have today. With development of the molecular biology of woody plants, the sluties on stress resistance of Populus which was regarded as a model plant, are summarised. Ref 96     

从洛马普里埃塔地震看天然水面在开封市城市防灾中的作用

首先从历史震例中次生火灾的巨大破坏作用出发，介绍了美国旧金山市专为次生火灾控制而设置的辅助供水系统和移动供水系统；然后，根据这两个与市政供水系统平行的供水保障系统在洛马普里埃塔地震中的反应，结合开封市的总体规划和旧城改造方案，具体介绍了开封市的地震次生火灾控制规划。     

生命线工程抗震可靠性分析

本文对作者在生命线工程抗震可靠性分析的分析准则、单体结构可靠度算法、系统可靠性评估和基于系统可靠性分析的优化设计等诸方面所作的工作进行了综述。     

浅论防震减灾工作中的城市分类

本文就我国国情及各省、区城市的条件、震情的差异，将全国不同城市综合性地作了一个宏观分类。这对推行城市地震灾害综合防御工作将是大有益处的。     

Loyal rebels? A test of the normative conflict model of constructive deviance

Constructive deviance is a voluntary behavior that violates organizational rules but is conducted with honorable intentions to benefit the organization or its stakeholders. Despite emerging interest in this behavior, the antecedents of constructive deviance remain unclear, with particular ambiguity concerning the relationship between organizational identity and constructive deviance. In this article, we address this ambiguity with the normative conflict model, which posits that organizational identity drives constructive deviance in the workplace only when people perceive normative conflict with organizational rules. In Studies 1a and 1b, we develop and validate a measure of normative conflict. In Study 2, we conduct a preliminary test of the model with employed students and find that identity is positively related to constructive deviance only when normative conflict is high. In Study 3, we replicate and extend the model to show that the moderating effect of normative conflict is mediated by experienced psychological discomfort and that organizational identity is positively related to constructive deviance among working adults only when discomfort is high. In total, our findings demonstrate the utility of the normative conflict model for explaining when constructive deviance is mostly likely to occur in the workplace.