低NOx燃烧技术

介绍了锅炉燃烧中降低NOx的主要措施和几种国内外主要低NOx燃烧技术的脱硝原理.发展低NOx燃烧技术,对环境保护具有重大意义.     

多因素耦合条件下硫化矿自燃神经网络动态预测模型研究

硫化矿石自燃是多种因素、多场耦合综合作用的结果,是一典型的非线性问题。笔者应用人工神经网络技术,以Matlab软件为平台,通过现场调查和理论分析,建立了矿石含硫量、通风强度、环境温度3因素与硫化矿石自燃之间的预测模型;通过数据样本学习与部分现场监测数据相结合进行模拟,研究表明预测数据与实测结果基本吻合,误差控制在10%以内,取得了较好的效果。该研究为预防硫化矿石自燃提供一个新的思路和方法,具有一定的理论意义和应用价值。     

乌鲁木齐市大气环境质量现状及其变化趋势分析

本文对乌鲁木齐市大气环境质量及其发展趋势作了简要的分析,说明目前市大气属煤烟-沙尘型污染区,氮氧化物和二氧化硫随着国民经济能耗的增加有发展的趋势,其它污染物仍稳定在目前水平,或稍有下降.     

酒精在常见可燃地面材料燃烧痕迹特征规律研究

易燃液体燃烧痕迹识别对助燃剂放火火灾调查至关重要。选用丙纶地毯和PVC地板革作为纤维和塑料地板的代表,以工业酒精作为易挥发助燃剂的代表,研究酒精用量、灭火方式等对燃烧痕迹形成及痕迹稳定性的影响。通过与未加载酒精的痕迹对比,发现丙纶地毯因热稳定性较差,燃烧后往往能形成烧坑或烧洞,其燃烧轮廓以典型的灰化形式存在,加载酒精的部位熔融严重,与地面紧紧粘连在一起;PVC地板革因为表面光滑,酒精在其表面不断流淌,燃烧后会留下清晰的轮廓,类似于细线状的印痕,而地板革本身基本不会燃烧。燃烧熄灭的方式也会对其炭化程度、燃烧图痕、残余形状产生影响。     

储罐硫腐蚀产物标志性气体的监测

含硫油品储罐内的腐蚀产物与油品中的活性硫反应生成硫化物,而此类硫腐蚀产物氧化自燃是导致储油罐发生火灾、爆炸事故的重要原因.通过试验考察了氧气体积比对硫腐蚀产物氧化自燃过程的影响,探索了铁锈模拟物在氧化过程中SO2气体的释放规律.结果表明:氧气浓度越高,硫腐蚀产物的自燃危险性越大;随着O2浓度增加,氧化反应中SO2的浓度越大,SO2气体析出速度越快,当氧化反应的温度为40℃时,SO2气体浓度达到最大.     

矾土尾矿载体双活性组分甲苯催化燃烧催化性能研究

利用矾土尾矿制备催化剂载体,采用浸渍法将双活性组分氧化物载于催化剂载体,研究甲苯催化燃烧性能.结果表明,当Cu、Mn物质的量比为1∶2、负载量为14％、焙烧温度为500℃、焙烧2h时CuMn/ZrO2整体催化剂催化活性高,起燃温度为210℃,完全燃烧温度为230℃,有效降低了甲苯催化燃烧的起燃温度和完全燃烧温度.     

Cu–Mn–Ce ternary mixed-oxide catalysts for catalytic combustion of toluene

Cu–Mn, Cu–Mn–Ce, and Cu–Ce mixed-oxide catalysts were prepared by a citric acid sol–gel method and then characterized by XRD, BET, H₂-TPR and XPS analyses. Their catalytic properties were investigated in the toluene combustion reaction. Results showed that the Cu–Mn–Ce ternary mixed-oxide catalyst with 1:2:4 mole ratios had the highest catalytic activity, and 99% toluene conversion was achieved at temperatures below 220°C. In the Cu–Mn–Ce catalyst, a portion of Cu and Mn species entered into the CeO₂ fluorite lattice, which led to the formation of a ceria-based solid solution. Excess Cu and Mn oxides existed on the surface of the ceria-based solid solution. The coexistence of Cu–Mn mixed oxides and the ceria-based solid solution resulted in a better synergetic interaction than the Cu–Mn and Cu–Ce catalysts, which promoted catalyst reducibility, increased oxygen mobility, and enhanced the formation of abundant active oxygen species.     

Serious BTEX pollution in rural area of the North China Plain during winter season

Atmospheric BTEX compounds(benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) in a rural site of the North China Plain(NCP) were preliminarily investigated in winter, and the outdoor concentrations(25.8–236.0 μg/m3) were found to be much higher than those reported in urban regions. The pollution of BTEX inside a farmer's house was even more serious, with combined concentrations of 254.5–1552.9 μg/m3. Based on the ratio of benzene to toluene(1.17 ± 0.34) measured, the serious BTEX pollution in the rural site was mainly ascribed to domestic coal combustion for heating during the winter season. With the enhancement of farmers' incomes in recent years, coal consumption by farmers in the NCP is rapidly increasing to keep their houses warm, and hence the serious air pollution in rural areas of the NCP during winter, including BTEX, should be paid great attention.     

餐厨垃圾处理设备的现状与发展趋势研究

针对人类社会在日常运转中产生的大量餐厨垃圾,当下最有效的应对措施是发展相关的餐厨垃圾处理产业,以相关的工作模式和工作设备来应对餐厨垃圾的处理工作。由于餐厨垃圾的特殊性,不同于一般的日常生活垃圾,因此餐厨垃圾的处理设备自然也就有独特的特点与性质。当下社会中餐厨垃圾处理设备行业的发展可谓如火如荼,各种各样的餐厨垃圾处理设备应运而生,针对餐厨垃圾处理设备的发展现状与发展趋势详细的探讨,对促进中国餐饮垃圾处理行业的发展具有借鉴意义。     

Effect of particle size on CO adsorption and thermodynamic analysis

The liquid nitrogen adsorption method was used to characterize the pore structure of non-cohesive coal in the 061,404 working face of the Lingxin coal mine. The amount of specific surface area of micropores in the sample continuously rose as particle sizes reduced. The volumetric method was used to measure the CO isothermal adsorption curves of three samples (sample I, 0.425–0.25 mm, sample II, 0.18–0.25 mm, and sample III, 0.15–0.18 mm). The experimental results were fitted by the Langmuir model. According to the experimental results, it was conducive to CO adsorption with the conditions of high pressure and low-temperature. The decrease in grain diameter increased the number and volume of micropores in the sample, which improved the adsorption capacity of the sample. In addition, according to the adsorption data, the CO adsorption thermodynamics of three samples were analyzed, including surface potential (Ω), Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) and entropy change (ΔS). The results demonstrated that CO adsorption by coal was a spontaneous process. Sample III has the most substantial adsorption capacity, whereas the sample I has the weakest adsorption capacity.