Multivariate Patterns of Antioxidative and Photoprotective Defence Compounds in Spruce Needles at Two Central European Forest Sites of Different Elevation

In this work we measured a set of antioxidative and photoprotective compounds (chlorophylls, carotenoids, tocopherol, ascorbate and glutathione), which were suggested previously as stress markers in conifer needles, at two spruce forest sites at different elevation in Saxony, Germany. Most variables differed significantly between current and 1-year-old needles, but only the content of the xanthophyll cycle per mg total chlorophyll and the oxidation state of glutathione were significantly different between the sites. We applied principal component analysis (PCA) to address the question if underlying accumulated variables are similar to the ones found in spruce needles across Alpine elevation profiles and/or for pines in Mediterranean ecosystems. Four principal components (accumulated variables, PC) representing 68% of the total variance of the dataset were extracted. PC 1 encompassed total chlorophyll, lutein, and β-carotene contents, PC 2 combined the epoxidation state of xanthophylls, ascorbate content and redox state, and glutathione content, PC 3 represented the content of xanthophylls and the redox state of glutathione, and PC 4 encompassed the content of α-carotene and the epoxidation state of xanthophylls. Only PC 3 was significantly different between sites. The PCA structure shows many similarities to corresponding findings in studies on spruce in mountain forests in the Alps and pines in Mediterranean systems. This corroborates the interpretation of PCs as indicative for underlying physiological processes. However, separation of the two investigated sites by PCs was in the present case study not superior to the separation by single input variables.     

砂土滑动液化的初步分析

本文针对大量的滑坡现场观察到的滑体滑动引起严重的砂土液化现象描述了液化引起的危害。初步给出了砂土滑动液化的定义;分析了砂土滑动液化形成的机理以及砂土滑动液化势评价的初步设想。     

从液化石油气球罐裂纹看球罐隐患

介绍液化石油气球罐检验发现的裂纹情况,分析裂纹原因,指出裂纹本质是焊接接头氢脆裂纹,并提出防范措施。还建议尽快制定液化石油气球罐安全管理规定,以规范定期检验,消除事故隐患     

污水处理场厌氧反应器的结构设计要点

介绍污水处理场厌氧反应器的结构特点和工艺要求。为保证安全生产及对污水的处理能力，设计中利用无粘结预应力抗拉能力强、抗裂能力高的特点重点解决好温度应力、裂缝宽度等问题，使得污水处理的厌氧工艺更具推广优势。     

轴对称杯形件反挤压的简化滑移线解

此文介绍了一种求解轴对称塑性成形问题的新方法——简化滑移线法,并得到了轴对称杯形件反挤压变形力的简化滑移线解.计算结果表明,简化滑移线解高于限解,更接近真实载荷,是求解轴对称塑性成形问题的一种简单而实用的新方法.     

立井井壁破坏应力研究

应用利用弹性理论、温度应力场理论、热胀冷缩原理 ,对立井井壁破坏应力进行了较为精确的受力分析 ,给出了立井井壁应力分布规律的解析式。在整个理论的分析过程中 ,笔者着重分析了井壁应力中负摩擦力的影响 ,对负摩擦力引起的井壁应力进行了较为细致的计算 ,并通过具体算例进行了说明。笔者研究的结果 ,为井壁设计的理论提供了新的依据 ,同时对煤矿设计及煤矿工程应用有重要实用价值。     

Androgen and glucocorticoid levels reflect seasonally occurring social challenges in male redfronted lemurs (Eulemur fulvus rufus)

Intense reproductive competition and social instability are assumed to increase concentrations of glucocorticoids and androgens in vertebrates, as a means of coping with these challenges. In seasonally breeding redfronted lemurs (Eulemur fulvus rufus), the mating and the birth season and the associated increased male competition are predicted to pose such reproductive challenges. In this paper, we investigate seasonal variation in hormone excretion in male redfronted lemurs, and examine whether this variation is associated with social or ecological factors. Although dominance status has been shown to affect individual stress levels across many taxa, we predicted no rank-related differences in glucocorticoids for redfronted lemurs because relatively equal costs are associated with both high and low rank positions (based on patterns of rank acquisition/maintenance and threats toward subordinates). Over a 14-month period, we collected behavioral data (1843 focal hours) and 617 fecal samples from 13 redfronted lemur males in Kirindy Forest/Madagascar. We found no general rank-related pattern of testosterone or glucocorticoid excretion in this species. Both hormones were excreted at significantly higher levels during the mating and the birth season, despite social stability during both periods. The elevated mating season levels may be explained by increased within-group reproductive competition during this time and are in line with previous studies of other seasonally reproducing primates. For the birth season increase, we propose that the predictable risk of infanticide in this highly seasonal species affects male gonadal and adrenal endocrine activity. We evaluate alternative social and ecological factors influencing the production of both hormone classes and conclude based on our preliminary investigations that none of them can account for the observed pattern.     

超临界直流电站锅炉水冷壁开裂原因分析及改进措施

本文介绍了超临界直流电站锅炉检验中发现的水冷壁开裂、变形,调风器鳍片烧损变形,集箱管接头角焊缝裂纹,刚性梁固定耳板处拉裂、变形等问题。对产生这些问题的原因进行了分析和研究,认为各水冷壁管子内水汽温度不均匀是造成拉裂、变形的主要原因。针对产生问题的原因,提出要预防此类问题发生就必须控制水冷壁超温和降低水冷壁各管子间温度差。并详细地论述了控制水冷壁超温和降低水冷壁各管子间温度差的八项具体改进措施。     

History of mercury use and environmental contamination at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant

Between 1950 and 1963 approximately 11 million kilograms of mercury (Hg) were used at the Oak Ridge Y-12 National Security Complex (Y-12 NSC) for lithium isotope separation processes. About 3% of the Hg was lost to the air, soil and rock under facilities, and East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) which originates in the plant site. Smaller amounts of Hg were used at other Oak Ridge facilities with similar results. Although the primary Hg discharges from Y-12 NSC stopped in 1963, small amounts of Hg continue to be released into the creek from point sources and diffuse contaminated soil and groundwater sources within Y-12 NSC. Mercury concentration in EFPC has decreased 85% from ∼2000 ng/L in the 1980s. In general, methylmercury concentrations in water and in fish have not declined in response to improvements in water quality and exhibit trends of increasing concentration in some cases.     

Impact of flood water on the technical condition of natural gas transmission pipeline valves

Maintaining the reliability of a transmission system's operation is an extremely important issue in the context of ensuring the continuity of gas delivery to customers. Threats to maintaining the reliability of a transmission system's operation may appear at any stage of transmission, and the most common reasons for this are corrosion, material defects or accidental damage. The paper presents the impact of flood water on transmission valves in the context of possible threats to ensuring the technical safety of gas supplies. Hazards are described which relate to the chemical composition of flood water, which may cause corrosion of valve elements and risk of loss of gas pipeline stability caused by flooding. In the context of the design of a natural gas transmission network, the strength aspects and the phenomenon of corrosion are described. The results of tests related to a specific example are presented. The finite element method (FEM) is used to build ball valve models. Two types of valves are modelled for nominal pipeline diameters of 50 mm (DN50) and 200 mm (DN200). The results of the presented analysis show that the leak tightness of the tested valve flange connections was mainly influenced by changes in their operating conditions because the occurring additional forces and moments caused significant changes in the load balance of the flange connections.