海洋环境中电偶腐蚀研究进展

从影响因素和微区电化学技术2个方面详细论述了海洋环境中电偶腐蚀的研究现状,分析了电位差、面积比和温度等主要因素对电偶腐蚀规律的影响.简要介绍了开尔文探针、阵列电极、扫描微电极等微区电化学测量技术在电偶腐蚀研究中的应用,并对今后的电偶腐蚀研究方向进行了展望.     

安徽省内电网设备常用钢材大气腐蚀试验研究

目的针对在安徽省内H1、R1及T28三个站点自然环境下暴露1年后的Q235、40Cr及镀锌钢,开展腐蚀速率、腐蚀产物及腐蚀层形貌的研究,探讨其大气腐蚀机理。方法采用称量法计算腐蚀质量损失,通过光学及电子显微镜法观察腐蚀层表面及截面形貌,用电子能谱仪测试微区成分,用X-射线衍射法测试腐蚀层的物相构成。结果 Q235、40Cr的大气腐蚀产物为Fe OOH、Fe3O4、Fe(OH)3及FeSO4,镀锌钢则为Zn O及Zn SO4。Q235、40Cr腐蚀层表面分布着绒球状的α-FeOOH及片状的γ-FeOOH,镀锌钢大气腐蚀层致密,但T28站点镀锌钢表面形成点状的腐蚀坑,腐蚀防护能力降低。结论同一站点三种钢腐蚀速率大小次序为40CrQ235镀锌钢,站点R1钢的腐蚀速率最大,站点T28的腐蚀速率最小。     

New method for efficient control of hydrogen sulfide and methane in gravity sewers: Combination of NaOH and nitrite

• The combination of NaOH and nitrite was used to control harmful gas in sewers. • Hydrogen sulfide and methane in airspace were reduced by 96.01% and 91.49%. • Changes in sewage quality and greenhouse effect by chemical dosing were negligible. • The strong destructive effects on biofilm slowed down the recovery of harmful gases. • The cost of the method was only 3.92 × 10⁻³ $/m³. An innovative treatment method by the combination of NaOH and nitrite is proposed for controlling hydrogen sulfide and methane in gravity sewers and overcome the drawbacks of the conventional single chemical treatment. Four reactors simulating gravity sewers were set up to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method. Findings demonstrated hydrogen sulfide and methane reductions of about 96.01% and 91.49%, respectively, by the combined addition of NaOH and nitrite. The consumption of NaNO₂ decreased by 42.90%, and the consumption rate of NaOH also showed a downward trend. Compared with a single application of NaNO₂, the C/N ratio of wastewater was increased to about 0.61 mg COD/mg N. The greenhouse effect of intermediate N₂O and residual methane was about 48.80 gCO₂/m³, which is far lower than that of methane without control (260 gCO₂/m³). Biofilm was destroyed to prevent it from entering the sewage by the chemical additives, which reduced the biomass and inhibited the recovery of biofilm activity to prolong the control time. The sulfide production rate and sulfate reduction rate were reduced by 92.32% and 85.28%, respectively. Compared with conventional control methods, the cost of this new method was only 3.92 × 10⁻³ $/m³, which is potentially a cost-effective strategy for sulfide and methane control in gravity sewers.     

锅炉集中供热系统冷凝水处理技术研究与应用

在以蒸汽为热源的区域供热中 ,冷凝水回收过程的系统防腐是个普遍的难题。本文论述了将多种挥发性有机胺混合使用的“中和胺防腐技术”应用于蒸汽冷凝水回收的理论探讨和应用中的技术创新 ,以及所取得的显著经济效益和环境效益。     

Internal corrosion hazard assessment of oil & gas pipelines using Bayesian belief network model

A substantial amount of oil & gas products are transported and distributed via pipelines, which can stretch for thousands of kilometers. In British Columbia (BC), Canada, alone there are over 40,000 km of pipelines currently being operated. Because of the adverse environmental impact, public outrage and significant financial losses, the integrity of the pipelines is essential. More than 37 pipe failures per year occur in BC causing liquid spills and gas releases, damaging both property and environment. BC oil & gas commission (BCOGS) has indicated metal loss due to internal corrosion as one of the primary causes of these failures. Therefore, it is of a paramount importance to timely identify pipelines subjected to severe internal corrosion in order to improve corrosion mitigation and pipeline maintenance strategies, thus minimizing the likelihood of failure. To accomplish this task, this paper presents a Bayesian belief network (BBN)-based probabilistic internal corrosion hazard assessment approach for oil & gas pipelines. A cause-effect BBN model has been developed by considering various information, such as analytical corrosion models, expert knowledge and published literature. Multiple corrosion models and failure pressure models have been incorporated into a single flexible network to estimate corrosion defects and associated probability of failure (PoF). This paper also explores the influence of fluid composition and operating conditions on the corrosion rate and PoF. To demonstrate the application of the BBN model, a case study of the Northeastern BC oil & gas pipeline infrastructure is presented. Based on the pipeline's mechanical characteristics and operating conditions, spatial and probabilistic distributions of corrosion defect and PoF have been obtained and visualized with the aid of the Geographic Information System (GIS). The developed BBN model can identify vulnerable pipeline sections and rank them accordingly to enhance the informed decision-making process.     

软水作为连铸机净环水水质稳定研究

本文对软水作为连铸机净环水的循环冷却水系统水质稳定问题进行研究和探讨。     

化成箔厂腐蚀废酸回收利用技术经济可行性研究

化成箔厂因腐蚀铝箔而产生大量废酸,本文利用扩散渗析工作原理对废酸进行回收,不仅减少对水环境的污染,而且对企业具有较好的经济效益,有利于企业和社会的可持续发展.     

铝基牺牲阳极材料污损失效概述

结合国内外以往海洋生物污损和铝基牺牲阳极服役情况的调查,综述了铝基牺牲阳极材料污损失效的研究进展,介绍并分析了污损生物导致铝基牺牲阳极失效的原因.针对污损失效现象尚无有效防护技术的现状,结合以往的海洋生物污损控制方法,探讨了牺牲阳极污损失效的防护技术,为牺牲阳极污损失效的研究及控制提供参考.     

飞机继电器腐蚀防护与控制要求

为解决飞机继电器因腐蚀而导致性能退化甚至失效的问题,从飞机继电器的设计、制造、检查和修理等方面提出腐蚀防护与控制要求.首先,针对继电器的使用环境、腐蚀特点,在继电器常见腐蚀失效模式基础上,提出了继电器腐蚀防护与控制的一般要求;其次,从材料选择、表面防护、密封设计、零件加工和装配工艺等方面提出腐蚀防护设计和制造要求;再次,按照检查准备、检查程序、检查标准、电气性能检查、腐蚀修理等步骤,研究制定了飞机继电器腐蚀检查与修理要求;最后,结合飞机日益严峻的腐蚀损伤现状,对继电器在使用过程中的腐蚀预防与控制方法进行了探索研究.     

含氮有机膦及其叔胺氧化物阻垢缓蚀性能现场应用研究

本文报道了含氮有机膦及其叔胺氧化物在冷却水系统中的缓蚀与阻垢性能,结果表明,叔胺氧化物与Na_2MoO_4复配时呈现出良好的协同效应.