酵母菌与两种硫杆菌复合对污泥中三价铬的去除

研究了氧化亚铁硫杆菌LX5(Thiobacillus ferrooxidans LX5)、氧化硫硫杆菌TS6(Thiobacillus thiooxidans TS6)和耐酸性酵母菌R30(Rhodotorula sp.R30)对重金属铬(Cr³⁺)的耐受性.结果表明,700mg/L的Cr³⁺对硫杆菌LX5、TS6的生长和氧化活性影响不大,但Cr³⁺浓度大于500mg/L时明显抑制酵母菌R30的生长.酵母菌R30与硫杆菌LX5和TS6复合能明显加速污泥淋滤的进程,最佳复合比为酵母菌R30接种量2.0%,硫杆菌LX5和TS6接种量10%.分别用含酵母菌R30数量为10⁴个/mL和102个/mL的酸化污泥作接种物进行污泥淋滤,发现淋滤过程中pH值下降的速度没有明显差异,而在淋滤起始时添加2.0%的酵母菌R30,则淋滤反应提前36h结束.由此可见,在其它条件相同的污泥淋滤中,污泥中所含耐酸性酵母菌的数量是加快淋滤的关键.     

中国适宜人口分布研究——从人口的相对分布看各省区可持续性

本文分析了中国人口分布现状与水资源、海拔高度、地表起伏指数和多种社会经济因素之间的关系,建立了综合的适宜人口分布模型,计算了中国各省的理论人口密度发布,并对模型进行检验。     

EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION ON CHANNEL INSTABILITY1

ABSTRACT: Channel instability and aquatic ecosystem degradation have been linked to watershed imperviousness in humid regions of the U.S. In an effort to provide a more process‐based linkage between observed thresholds of aquatic ecosystem degradation and urbanization, standard single event approaches (U.S. Geological Survey Flood Regression Equations and rational) and continuous hydrologic models (HSPF and CASC2D) were used to examine potential changes in flow regime associated with varying levels of watershed imperviousness. The predicted changes in flow parameters were then interpreted in concert with risk‐based models of channel form and instability. Although low levels of imperviousness (10 to 20 percent) clearly have the potential to destabilize streams, changes in discharge, and thus stream power, associated with increased impervious area are highly variable and dependent upon watershed‐specific conditions. In addition to the storage characteristics of the pre‐development watershed, the magnitude of change is sensitive to the connectivity and conveyance of impervious areas as well as the specific characteristics of the receiving channels. Different stream types are likely to exhibit varying degrees and types of instability, depending on entrenchment, relative erodibility of bed and banks, riparian condition, mode of sediment transport (bedload versus suspended load), and proximity to geomorphic thresholds. Nonetheless, simple risk‐based analyses of the potential impacts of land use change on aquatic ecosystems have the potential to redirect and improve the effectiveness of watershed management strategies by facilitating the identification of channels that may be most sensitive to changes in stream power.     

CSTR水力学模型数值求解方法探讨

CSTR模型是河流水质模拟的常用模型之一,其中水力学模型是影响CSTR模型数值稳定性的关键因素,但迄今为止对CSTR水力学模型数值稳定性鲜有充分的讨论. 以赣江朝阳水厂至八一桥北段为例,采用实测数据,分单箱积分和整体积分2种方式,讨论了Runge-Kutta-Felberg方法(RKF)、经典四阶Runge-Kutta方法(RK4)和二级四阶隐式Runge-Kutta方法(RK2)的数值稳定性、模拟精度和时间效率. 结果表明,与国际上目前常用的单箱积分相比,整体积分具有更好的稳定性. 3种Runge-Kutta方法的稳定性排序是RKF相似文献   

The Time Invariance Principle,the absence of ecological chaos,and a fundamental pitfall of discrete modeling

This paper is to show that most discrete models used for population dynamics in ecology are inherently pathological that their predications cannot be independently verified by experiments because they violate a fundamental principle of physics. The result is used to tackle an on-going controversy regarding ecological chaos. Another implication of the result is that all dynamical systems must be modeled by differential equations. As a result it suggests that researches based on discrete modeling must be closely scrutinized and the teaching of calculus and differential equations must be emphasized for students of biology.     

非灭菌环境投加染料时间对白腐真菌降解活性染料的影响

应用氮限制液体培养基(C/N=56／8．7)研究了非灭菌环境投加染料时间对白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium降解活性艳红K-2BP染料的影响．试验结果表明,纯培养2d和3d后,在非灭菌环境投加活性艳红K-2BP染料的体系脱色率与在灭菌环境投加该染料的体系基本相当,其5d脱色率在90％以上;而纯培养ld时在非灭菌环境投加染料体系的脱色率却只有8l％．引起纯培养ld体系脱色率降低的主要原因是活性艳红K-2BP对白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium的生长有抑制作用和反应体系感染了酵母菌．但是,如果纯培养延长至2d以后,由于白腐真菌菌丝体已在体系内占优势,尽管在非灭菌环境下还有酵母菌侵入,但它不会占优势,从而也就不会影响白腐真菌对染料的降解作用．因此,在氮限制液体培养基中,只要白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium在反应体系占优势,就可以适当缩短纯培养时间,提前在非灭菌环境投加染料,使白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium的培养和对活性染料的脱色同步进行．     

Biological stability in drinking water: a regression analysis of influencing factors

Some parameters, such as assimilable organic carbon(AOC), chloramine residual, water temperature, and water residence time, were measured in drinking water from distribution systems in a northern city of China. The measurement results illustrate that when chloramine residual is more than 0.3 mg/L or AOC content is below 50μg/L, the biological stability of drinking water can be controlled.Both chloramine residual and AOC have a good relationship with Heterotrophic Plate Counts( HPC)(Iog value), the correlation coefficient was-0.64 and 0.33, respectively. By regression analysis of the survey data, a statistical equation is presented and it is concluded that disinfectant residual exerts the strongest influence on bacterial growth and AOC is a suitable index to assess the biological stability in the drinking water.     

Analysis of the Effect of the Beavers‐Joseph Interface Condition on Flow in Karst Conduits1

Li, Guangquan, Yuan Cheng, and Bei Zhao, 2012. Analysis of the Effect of the Beavers‐Joseph Interface Condition on Flow in Karst Conduits. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00683.x Abstract: In this study, we derive an approximate analytic solution for the distribution of flow velocity in a cylindrical conduit and the surrounding media, and analyze the effect of differing parameters (e.g., conduit radius) on the velocity of conduit flow. The solution is then employed to estimate the thickness of the boundary layer inside the media. The results reveal that when conduit radius is large, the Beavers‐Joseph condition has only a minor effect on the velocity of conduit flow (such that the nonslip condition on the conduit wall still works pretty well), and the boundary layer is so thin that the wall can still be treated as the interface between fast water in the conduit and slow water in the media. The solution indicates that the velocity of conduit flow is the superposition of the velocity profile in the nonslip situation onto the slip velocity on the wall. Our study theoretically shows that the coupled continuum pipe flow model in MODFLOW‐2005 constructed by the U.S. Geological Survey is reasonable in that there is no need to consider the Beavers‐Joseph condition when simulating flow in karst conduits. The role of the boundary layer in transport and its effect on the hyporheic zone is not clear, which is a suitable topic for future study.     

七大区域不同温湿条件下臭氧浓度变化

近年来,我国臭氧（O₃）污染形势日趋严峻,在多地已超越PM_2.5成为大气环境的首要污染物.气象条件,尤其是温度和湿度对O₃生成的影响极大.因此,厘清并量化不同区域温度和湿度变化对O₃浓度的影响可为政府防治臭氧污染提供理论依据.通过分析2015年1月1日至2022年7月31日实测日最大温度（T_max）和相对湿度（RH）与臭氧日最大8 h滑动平均值（O₃-8h）的关系,发现臭氧污染严重的七大区域的O₃-8h与T_max呈线性正相关关系,温度惩罚因子范围为2.1~6.0 μg ·（m³ ·℃）^-1;O₃-8h与RH呈非线性关系,RH为55%时O₃-8h最高;不同区域对T_max和RH的敏感度稍有不同,总体上最适合O₃生成的气象条件为29℃≤T_max<38℃且40%≤RH<70%.长三角、苏皖鲁豫和长江中游地区在T_max≥35℃的极端高温条件下,O₃-8h停止随温度的上升而增长,反而出现下降现象,且往往伴随颗粒物浓度的小幅上升.这可能与部分前体物在水汽含量变高的情况下发生非均相反应及臭氧的非均相汇增加有关.     

硫化氢降解菌包埋条件及降解特性研究

筛选获得2株硫化氢(H2S)高效降解菌株(T3和B3),分别鉴定为根瘤杆菌属和人苍白杆菌属。采用改进的海藻酸钠(SA)-聚乙烯醇(PVA)对2株菌的混合液进行包埋,并对最佳包埋条件及包埋后的降解效果进行研究,结果表明:SA-PVA包埋的最佳条件:复合载体的配比为2%SA和7%PVA混合溶液;在1%氯化钙和4%硼酸混合溶液中交联24 h;制得粒径为2 mm左右的固定化凝胶小球;包菌量为0.3 g/L;在pH 5.0¹0.0、温度为2510.0、温度为25⁴0℃时,固定化细胞对H2S具有较高的降解能力和抵抗性,当H2S浓度提高到700 mg/m3以上时,48 h后固定化细胞能达到93%以上的降解率,并且其重复脱硫能力明显优于游离态细胞,为工业应用提供了可能性。