The adoption of green business practices among small US Midwestern manufacturing enterprises

Manufacturers around the world green their businesses for a variety of reasons, including competitiveness, social responsibility, and external stakeholder pressure. However, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are thought to lag behind larger ones in the adoption of green business practices. This paper explores the motivations for US Midwestern SMEs adopting a variety of green business practices, using a survey of 59 SMEs in the tool and die manufacturing industry. The majority of firms appear to be internally motivated to implement green practices – driven primarily by cost and competitiveness concerns, more than by social responsibility concerns. External coercive pressure from government or customers does not appear to be a significant motivation for these SMEs. However, informal pressure through government incentives and support programs, as well as mimetic pressure through peer learning via industry associations, appear to be more effective in helping these SMEs to further ‘go green.’     

中国对外投资环保企业的机遇与挑战

本文总结分析了我国环保企业“走出去”国际化发展的机遇与挑战,并提出相关政策建议,以期为政府制订相关政策和参与“走出去”战略的企业提供决策参考。     

新版排污许可证对油品销售企业的影响分析

介绍了新版排污许可证的主要特点和对油品销售企业全面覆盖的实现方式,阐明油品销售企业排污许可证申报类型和依据,从6个方面介绍了油库、加油站取得排污许可证后遇到的相关问题并列举部分例证,分析问题产生的根本原因,提出改进建议。     

Comparative lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions and their reduction potential for typical petrochemical enterprises in China

Petrochemical enterprises have become a major source of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Yet, due to the unavailability of basic data, there is still a lack of case studies to quantify GHG emissions and provide petrochemical enterprises with guidelines for implementing energy conservation and emission reduction strategies. Therefore, this study conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis to estimate the GHG emissions of four typical petrochemical enterprises in China, using first-hand data, to determine possible emission reduction measures. The analytical data revealed that Dushanzi Petrochemical (DSP) has the highest GHG emission intensity (1.17 tons CO₂e/ton), followed by Urumqi Petrochemical (UP) (1.08 tons CO₂e/ton), Dalian Petrochemical (DLP) (average 0.58 tons CO₂e/ton) and Karamay Petrochemical (KP) (average 0.50 tons CO₂e/ton) over the whole life cycle. At the same time, GHG emissions during fossil fuel combustion were the largest contributor to the whole life cycle, accounting for about 77.31%–94.27% of the total emissions. In the fossil-fuel combustion phase, DSP had the highest unit GHG emissions (1.20 tons CO₂e), followed by UP (0.89 tons CO₂e). In the industrial production phase, DLP had the highest unit GHG emissions (average 0.13 tons CO₂e/ton), followed by UP (0.10 tons CO₂e/ton). During the torch burning phase, torch burning under accident conditions was the main source of GHG emissions. It is worth noting that the CO₂ recovery stage has "negative value," indicating that it will bring some environmental benefits. Further scenario analysis shows that effective policies and advanced technologies can further reduce GHG emissions.     

化工企业变更管理问题分析与启示

归纳了HSSE大检查工作中炼化和销售企业在变更管理上存在的典型问题,从管理职责、制度和执行方面进行了分析,并借鉴部分企业先进管理经验和好的做法,提出改进措施。     

某制革企业污染控制与环境管理中若干问题研究

通过对数家制革企业开展调查分析,探讨了制革企业在含铬、含硫废水分流处理和各生产环节臭气防治方面存在的若干技术与管理问题.首先,含铬废水和含硫废水收集与管理不规范统一致使后续废水预处理及生化处理受到影响;部分企业忽略了原皮存放及转运、皮革水场加工车间、污水处理设施等臭气产生环节的细节控制.最后提出针对性的对策与措施建议,包括统一规范含铬废水和含硫废水的收集与预处理范围,加强原皮仓库、水场和污水处理系统的恶臭全过程控制.     

论促进企业环境守法的制度建构

企业是市场经济中重要的市场主体,其环境守法除了要求环境法律、法规、政策的完善,也有赖于环境执法工作的稳妥开展对企业守法的推动。通过制度和利润两方面分析企业环境守法困境,期望通过环境执法模式的改革,借鉴美国环境执法模式的经验,借助执法理念的变化实现企业自觉的环境守法。     

Working Conditions in Small Private Enterprises in Poland

The study deals with working conditions in small private enterprises in Poland. Data come from 50 small enterprises from the Warsaw area. Information about the evaluation of working conditions and the existence of programmes for their improvement was gathered with the help of questionnaires addressed to employees and employers. The results constitute a ‘photograph’ of the Polish reality at the beginning of its transition from planned to market economy. The study revealed a lack of programmes for the improvement of working conditions in a significant number of the enterprises studied as well as little interest in occupational safety on the part of employers (owners).

The study also revealed that all decisions—including those about the improvement of working conditions—were made by employers. Hence, the need for the widest possible dissemination of knowledge on occupational safety and the protection of human in the working environment with particular stress put on employers. Employers who are knowledgeable in this field and who are aware of its importance can significantly influence the improvement of working conditions in small enterprises.     

Cost and Benefits of Implementing an Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSH MS) in Enterprises in Poland

Abstract

This article presents a method of assessing the economic outcome of implementing an occupational safety and health management system (OSH MS). Developed at the Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute (Poland), this method focuses on identifying the economic expenses comprising bookkeeping and alternative cost incurred to implement and improve an OSH MS. The method was next used in a study in 20 enterprises. While varying greatly among those enterprises, the alternative cost of implementing and maintaining an OSH MS was much higher than the bookkeeping cost, which was also much lower than the cost of statutory prevention measures. The implementation of an OSH MS resulted in both tangible and intangible benefits, including reduced premiums for work accident insurance.     

电子电器生产企业物料流动分析方法研究

有效地控制电子企业环境污染,提高资源的利用率,回收有价值的资源,是电子企业的必然选择。建立了以物质守恒定律为依据的物料流动平衡分析式和平衡图,提出了物料平衡对象的选择,研究了物料流动分析方法,确定数据获取的方法与边界,阐述了提高生产效率、降低物耗和能耗、回收资源的解决方案。