工业企业厂界噪声测量问题探讨

围绕现行的GB12348—2008《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》在厂界噪声测量中测量指标不明确、方法简单、测点位置未细化等问题,通过对增压站、集输站等进行厂界噪声测量,对存在问题进行分析探讨,提出解决这些问题的方法与改进建议。     

Hedging Rules for the Operation of Lake Okeechobee in Southern Florida

Lake Okeechobee is the major source of freshwater in Southern Florida. With the increasing possibility of water stress, determining how to manage water during drought periods is essential to the operation of the Lake. This study deals with operational problems related to the management of Lake Okeechobee and the challenges involved in the implementation of hedging policy. We examine the implications of applying a theoretical hedging rule approach, comprising inter‐ and intrayear models, for the management of Lake Okeechobee and explore several optional hedging policies. The results demonstrate that hedging rules could reduce profit loss particularly under serious water stress, and might be applied sooner to mitigate the risk of severe water shortages. We suggested that the management of Lake Okeechobee should consider both short‐ and long‐term hedging nested. It is also demonstrated that the practical applicability of rolling decision making with updated forecast. Based on the results of the model, the merits of explicit optional hedging rules are demonstrated.     

基于UWB定位技术的油田钻修井作业安全监测方法

为解决传统油田钻修井作业安全监测方法在实际应用中存在监测定位误差较大,无法保证作业人员安全的问题,本文开展基于UWB定位技术的油田钻修井作业安全监测方法研究,通过油田井下液位数据采集、基于UWB定位技术的钻修井安全作业节点定位、划分钻修井作业安全监控动态预警范围,提出一种全新的监测方法,并进行对比实验。结果表明:新的监测方法能够有效减小监测定位误差,为作业人员安全提供保障,提高油田企业经济效益和社会效益。     

低浓度下冲击负荷对厌氧折流板反应器的影响

采用一个9.9L的厌氧折流板反应器处理低浓度废水(500mgCOD/L左右),研究了有机冲击负荷、水力冲击负荷对反应器运行性能的影响。结果表明,ABR具有极好的抗冲击负荷的能力,在350%的水力冲击负荷、持续时间2.5h下仅需4h即可恢复原状。ABR受有机冲击负荷的影响较复杂,在50%和100%浓度的有机冲击负荷下,反应器约经8h恢复原来的水平。在低浓度废水的定义范围之内(COD<1000mg/L),进水COD浓度突然上升等有机冲击负荷不会损害ABR反应器的处理性能,相反可有一定的改善作用。ABR反应器的多隔室结构使之存在缓冲区等分区现象,从而提供了良好的抗冲击负荷的能力。     

How Run-of-River Operation Affects Hydropower Generation and Value

Regulated rivers in the United States are required to support human water uses while preserving aquatic ecosystems. However, the effectiveness of hydropower license requirements nationwide has not been demonstrated. One requirement that has become more common is “run-of-river” (ROR) operation, which restores a natural flow regime. It is widely believed that ROR requirements (1) are mandated to protect aquatic biota, (2) decrease hydropower generation per unit flow, and (3) decrease energy revenue. We tested these three assumptions by reviewing hydropower projects with license-mandated changes from peaking to ROR operation. We found that ROR operation was often prescribed in states with strong water-quality certification requirements and migratory fish species. Although benefits to aquatic resources were frequently cited, changes were often motivated by other considerations. After controlling for climate, the overall change in annual generation efficiency across projects because of the change in operation was not significant. However, significant decreases were detected at one quarter of individual hydropower projects. As expected, we observed a decrease in flow during peak demand at 7 of 10 projects. At the remaining projects, diurnal fluctuations actually increased because of operation of upstream storage projects. The economic implications of these results, including both producer costs and ecologic benefits, are discussed. We conclude that regional-scale studies of hydropower regulation, such as this one, are long overdue. Public dissemination of flow data, license provisions, and monitoring data by way of on-line access would facilitate regional policy analysis while increasing regulatory transparency and providing feedback to decision makers.     

G3技术集成及其在青藏铁路信息化中的应用研究

青藏铁路是世界上海拔最高、线路最长的高原铁路。铁路沿线环境恶劣(严寒缺氧,气候恶劣、多年冻土地段长、生态环境脆弱等)。因此,不仅要求在工程建设过程中采用先进的设备和技术手段,而且,要求在线路建成后实现其运营、维修管理信息化。笔者提出采用G3(包括全球定位系统GPS、地理信息系统GIS、全球移动通讯系统GSM)技术集成来确保建成后线路的安全运营。在集成系统中:GPS主要用于实施、快速地获取空间目标的三维坐标;GIS为系统集成提供基础平台,对空间信息进行综合分析和综合处理;GSM实现信息的无线、实时的传输。采用G3技术可以实现列车行车信息的实时发布、传输与接收,实现数据共享,从而保证行车安全。     

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEHRAN REGION IN IRAN1

ABSTRACT: In this paper, a system approach to water resources development in Tehran Metropolitan Area, with its complex system of water supply and demands, is discussed. Water resources in this region include water storage in the Lar, Latyan, and Karaj reservoirs, the Tehran aquifer, as well as water discharge in local rivers and in drainage channels (mainly supplied by urban runoff and wastewater). This study consists of three phases of long‐term water resources planning and management in the Tehran metropolitan area. In each phase, a different level of details among different components of the system is considered. In the first phase, optimal operating policies for Tehran reservoirs and a decision support system are developed. In the second phase, interactions between surface and ground water resources as well as surface runoffs and wastewater disposal in different subareas are investigated. The water table fluctuations as a result of implementing sewerage collection project was also simulated. In the last phase, long‐term scenarios for water resources and agricultural development in the Southern part of Tehran are defined, and the effects of each scenario on the quality and quantity of surface and ground water resources are studied.     

城市污水处理厂运行管理优化方案

针对城市污水处理工程建设中存在的问题，分析了影响其运转率的三大主要因素，工程系统，运营费用及监控体制，对其运营管理中的替代方案进行了探讨，提出了实行污水厂企业化管理，建立宏观环境统一管理制度的措施建议。     

热水锅炉的安全运行与操作

介绍了为保证热水锅炉安全运行应采取的具体措施及在运行中应注的问题.     

生物滤池工艺的数值模拟与运行优化

以筼筜污水处理厂生物滤池工艺(DNBF+BAF)为研究对象,应用Bio Win软件,构建该工艺的Bio Win模型,基于2013年9月和10月的实际运行数据,结合两种灵敏度分析方法,对Bio Win模型进行校正.结果表明,校正模型可对DNBF+BAF工艺进行有效模拟,且对该工艺的Bio Win模拟结果影响最为显著的3类参数为:与生物膜有关的参数、与异养菌(OHOs)有关的参数和曝气参数.然后应用校正模型模拟该工艺在不同工况条件下的运行结果,对其进行工艺优化.结果表明:1一级B排放标准的最佳运行条件为:回流比=50%,取消甲醇投加,此时进水C/N=4.43;2一级A排放标准的最佳运行条件为:回流比=50%,投加甲醇后的进水COD=155 mg·L-1,此时进水C/N=5.10.