石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫运行优化研究

以华能福州电厂石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫工程试验数据为基础,对脱硫装置运行优化进行了研究。分别考察了循环泵运行组合、吸收塔浆液密度、pH值和液位等参数,及对整个脱硫装置运行电耗的影响。通过试验数据和理论分析,提出了不同运行条件下对参数选择的意见,并实际验证了脱硫装置运行优化以降低电耗的可行性,可为电厂脱硫系统运行方案的优化选择提供参考。     

两级人工湿地用于村镇污水脱氮的长期运行特性研究

对沙田人工湿地稳定运行后的情况进行了长达6 a的监测,探讨了不同流态的两级潜流人工湿地长期运行的脱氮效能、不同形态氮的空间转化规律和几种主要影响因素。研究表明,在整个运行期间人工湿地的脱氮能力呈现低-高-低的变化趋势,这个过程的发生和湿地内部堵塞物的累积关联密切。在华南地区,季节变化对湿地脱氮的影响依然十分强烈：一方面,体现为季节温差对脱氮效果的明显影响,低温月份采用低负荷方式运行,TN去除率也仅有36.0%～47.6%,而高温期采用高负荷的运行方式,大多数月份TN去除率也能达到45.4%以上;另一方面,季节性雨量的不同会引起进水质量浓度的变化,导致湿地系统TN负荷率的改变,进而显著影响脱氮效果。有机氮、NH3-N、NO2--N、NO3--N在湿地内部存在明显的转化迹象,沿流程随着有机物的大量消耗,NO3--N去除能力逐渐下降并在湿地的末端出现了累积现象。通常情况下,由于采用了跌水曝气等措施,DO在湿地内的大部分区域都维持了较高水平,未对脱氮效果产生明显不利影响。     

The establishment of a standard operation procedure for psychiatric service after an earthquake

This study presents information on the design and creation of a standard operation procedure (SOP) for psychiatric service after an earthquake. The strategies employed focused on the detection of survivors who developed persistent psychiatric illness, particularly post-traumatic stress and major depressive disorders. In addition, the study attempted to detect the risk factors for psychiatric illness. A Disaster-Related Psychological Screening Test (DRPST) was designed by five psychiatrists and two public health professionals for rapidly and simply interviewing 4,223 respondents within six months of the September 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. A SOP was established through a systemic literature review, action research, and two years of data collection. Despite the limited time and resources inherent to a disaster situation, it is necessary to develop an SOP for psychiatric service after an earthquake in order to assist the high number of survivors suffering from subsequent psychiatric impairment.     

“双碳”目标下新疆能源系统绿色转型路径

新疆是我国最重要的资源宝库和能源基地之一。如何在“双碳”目标引领下,实现能源系统的绿色转型,事关国家能源安全。在系统总结新疆主要能源的储量及分布的基础上,梳理现阶段能源生产与消费现状,分析能源转型面临的主要问题,提出了能源绿色转型路径及相关对策和建议。结果表明：（1）新疆能源系统中化石能源占比超过85%,碳减排任务异常艰巨;（2）新疆“弃风、弃光”问题严峻,弃电率高于全国平均水平;（3）要实现新疆能源系统的绿色转型,须控制煤炭消费增长,加快水—风—光—储一体化清洁能源基地建设,扩大电力对外输送通道,推进“电气化新疆”进程,发展CCUS与大规模储能新技术等。研究结果可为新疆实现“双碳”目标提供参考。     

双碱法脱硫工艺的技术革新

浙江某热电厂运行的传统双碱法脱硫工艺出现了塔体结垢、脱硫渣得不到正常分离、脱硫效率低下、运行成本高等问题。本文主要分析与研究双碱法脱硫工艺的技术革新过程,并阐述经过技术革新后,新双碱法工艺的运行情况;真正实现了脱硫效率的大幅度提升;脱硫渣中石膏含量的提升;系统抗风险能力的提升。     

寒冷地区小处理量污水处理厂CWSBR工艺及污泥资源化应用

东北地区某城镇新建污水处理厂,近期规模5000m3/d,远期规模7000m3/d,最低环境温度-30oC,冬季平均水温8oC左右。污水处理厂二级生化处理采用CWSBR工艺,可简单的通过调整时序组合以及各个功能段的设备工况,实现在冬、夏两季工艺的良好运行。污泥深度处理方法采用容压一体化污泥深度脱水技术,投资省,运行成本低。该工程试运行后,出水水质可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)中的一级A标准。     

基于地铁运营日志文本挖掘的危险源辨识算法研究*

为探究地铁运营过程中致使险性事件发生的关键因素,识别关键危险源,加强对危险事件的预防管控,研究基于地铁运营日志文本挖掘的地铁运营危险源辨识算法,通过引入自定义专业术语词典和自定义停用词典,删除干扰数据并进行数据分词,实现对地铁运营日志的预处理,进一步构建进行危险源辨识的AFP-tree算法,实现对日志中关键危险源的挖掘。研究结果表明:AFP-tree算法能够显著提升计算效率,通过分析共挖掘出25类有效关键危险源,研究结果可为地铁运营单位实现“事前”的事故预防提供重要依据。     

Torque Production Using Hand Cranks in a Simulated Gear-Operated Valve Opening Task

Hand cranks are used in a variety of industries to actuate valves and in other gear-operated applications. In order to evaluate these types of operations and their compatibility with operator strength capabilities, a rotational dynamometer was used to measure torque production capability of operators using a hand crank at different heights and angles (with respect to the coronal plane). The tests were conducted for both clockwise and counterclockwise rotations using the dominant arm of each test participant. A total of 18 tests were completed by each of five male right-handed test participants. A 0° declination angle, counterclockwise operation, and both 40.65 cm and 60.96 cm heights were found to be associated with the greatest torque production capabilities.     

Torque Production Using Handwheels of Different Size During a Simulated Valve Operation Task

Opening and closing valves in industrial facilities often requires operators to use bars and wrenches as levers (cheaters) in order to overcome initial actuation forces. In order to determine more appropriate operational specifications, the maximum torque production capability was measured when 12 male participants used 4 different valve handwheels at 3 different heights and 2 different angles (in relationship to the coronal plane). The results indicate that the participants produced significantly greater torque when the largest of the 4 wheels (40.6 cm diameter) was used than when the medium (22.9 cm), small (20.3 cm), and handled (17.8 cm) handwheels were used. Although the main effect of heights was found to be statistically significant, post-hoc analyses between the heights found them to be, essentially, equal. In addition, the vertical and horizontal wheel orientations were not found to be different. The results are applicable to all industries where handwheels are used and applicable to valve manufacturers for designing operational torque specifications below the values found in this study.     

Electromyographic analysis of relevant muscle groups during completion of computer tasks using different computer mouse positions

Background. We analyzed muscular activity for different computer mouse positions during the completion of a timed computer task and determined whether the different mouse positions could affect muscular activity, productivity and perceived fatigue. Methods. The subjects were nine healthy young men. Two mouse positions were studied: the distal position (DP), with the forearm rested on the desk; the proximal position (PP), with only the wrist rested on the desk. The subjects performed a 16-min task in each position. Surface electromyography data were recorded for the upper back and shoulder muscles. Work productivity and muscular activity were measured for each mouse position. A visual analog scale was used to assess subjective fatigue. Results. Muscular activity was higher in muscle (m.) deltoideus (posterior) for the DP, while it was significantly higher in m. inferior infraspinatus for the PP. The visual analog scale score was significantly higher and work productivity was lower in the PP. Conclusions. We found that using a mouse in the DP rather than the PP leads to less activity of the external rotators, less perceived fatigue and more productivity. This suggests that the DP is preferable to the PP for computer work involving a mouse.