Investigating the impacts of some meteorological parameters on air pollution in Balikesir, Turkey

Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems in Balikesir, situated in the western part of Turkey, during the winter periods. The unfavorable climate as well as the city’s topography, and inappropriate fuel usage cause serious air pollution problems. The air pollutant concentrations in the city have a close relationship with meteorological parameters. In the present study, the relationship between daily average total suspended particulate (TSP) and sulphur dioxide (SO₂) concentrations measured between 1999–2005 winter seasons were correlated with meteorological factors, such as wind speed, temperature, relative humidity and pressure. This statistical analysis was achieved using the stepwise multiple linear regression method. According to the results obtained through the analysis, higher TSP and SO₂ concentrations are strongly related to colder temperatures, lower wind speed, higher atmospheric pressure and higher relative humidity. The statistical models of SO₂ and TSP gave correlation coefficient values (R ²) of 0.735 and 0.656, respectively.     

SO2气体污染水稻的鉴定与赔偿依据的探讨

通过对水稻受ＳＯ２气体污染后症状的确诊，以及污染程度的分析，提出了水稻受损的赔偿依据。     

二氧化硫的测量不确定度评定

一切测量结果,都不可避免地具有不确定度。计量界提出的不确定度的概念,被定义为表征合理的赋予被测量之值的分散性,以测量结果相联系的参数,其主要意义在于能正确表达测量结果的正确性。通过对SO_2浓度的测定过程分析,找出影响结果的各个分量,进行测量不确定度的评定。     

探讨我国火电厂二氧化硫排放问题

本文简要陈述了我国二氧化硫排放的污染现状、国家减排二氧化硫的政策，阐述了我国火电厂烟气脱硫存在的问题，提出了解决问题的对策。     

影响硫磺回收装置硫回收率的主要因素

从工艺、催化剂及设备等几方面影响硫磺回收率的主要因素进行了总结，目的是为硫横回收装置的操作者提供一对照检查表并对照检查自己存原实际问题，找出降低硫回收率的主要原因并加以解决，从而减少环境污染。     

The contribution of dry deposited ammonia and sulphur dioxide to the composition of precipitation from continuously open gauges

A series of experiments using bulk precipitation collectors of the type used in the UK precipitation chemistry network measured the amounts of NH₄⁺, SO₄²⁻ and other ions that could be washed from funnels (diameter 15 cm) exposed to a wide range of NH₃ and SO₂ concentrations over periods from hours to days. In dry conditions, the average deposition flux of NH₃ was between 50 and 120 nmol NH₄⁺ funnel⁻¹ d⁻¹ (0.1–0.3 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), and was independent of the concentration of NH₃. Dry deposition of NH₃ to wet funnels at small NH₃ concentrations was almost 5 times that to dry funnels under the same conditions (average 240 nmol funnel⁻¹ d⁻¹; 0.7 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), and increased with increasing NH₃ concentrations. The amount of NH₄⁺ ions remaining on the funnel surface was inversely proportional to the vapour pressure deficit during the experiment. This result was interpreted as a dependence on the duration of surface wetness, with greater deposition of NH₄⁺ when evaporation rates of surface water were small.The amount of SO₂ deposited on funnel surfaces was closely related to the amount of NH₃ deposited, in both wet and dry conditions, but was not strongly correlated with the SO₂ concentration. At low NH₃ and SO₂ concentrations the average deposition to dry funnels was 70 nmol SO₄²⁻ funnel⁻¹ d⁻¹ (0.5 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), and to wet funnels was approximately 2.5 times larger. The results are interpreted in terms of the balance between the rate of evaporation of surface water, and the rate of oxidation of SO₂, which leads to the ‘fixing’ of NH₄⁺ ions on the surface as involatile salts.It is predicted that dry deposition of NH₃ to funnel surfaces across the UK Secondary Network could account for as much as one-half of the measured bulk wet deposition at sites where wet deposition of NH₄–N is small. The amount of dry deposition depends on how long and how often funnel surfaces are wetted by rain or dew, and on the air concentrations of NH₃. These predictions are based on funnels being wetted only once per day. More frequent wetting would increase the contribution from dry deposition, and the consequent overestimate of wet deposition of NH₄–N across the UK by using data obtained from bulk collectors. To some extent this overestimate may be offset by microbial degradation and loss of NH₄–N in weekly bulk precipitation samples during collection and storage.     

电子束脱硫技术及其进展

介绍电子束脱硫原理以及在四川成都热电厂应用情况。由于采用干法工艺,流程简单、占地面积小,适用于厂区狭小的电厂安装脱硫装置。     

Characteristics of coal mine ventilation air flows

Coal mine methane (CMM) is not only a greenhouse gas but also a wasted energy resource if not utilised. Underground coal mining is by far the most important source of fugitive methane emissions, and approximately 70% of all coal mining related methane is emitted to the atmosphere through mine ventilation air. Therefore, research and development on mine methane mitigation and utilisation now focuses on methane emitted from underground coal mines, in particular ventilation air methane (VAM) capture and utilisation. To date, most work has focused on the oxidation of very low concentration methane. These processes may be classified based on their combustion kinetic mechanisms into thermal oxidation and catalytic oxidation. VAM mitigation/utilisation technologies are generally divided into two basic categories: ancillary uses and principal uses. However, it is possible that the characteristics of ventilation air flows, for example the variations in methane concentration and the presence of certain compounds, which have not been reported so far, could make some potential VAM mitigation and utilisation technologies unfeasible if they cannot cope with the characteristics of mine site ventilation air flows. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of mine ventilation air flows. Moreover, dust, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, and other possible compounds emitted through mine ventilation air into the atmosphere are also pollutants. Therefore, this paper presents mine-site experimental results on the characteristics of mine ventilation air flows, including methane concentration and its variations, dust loadings, particle size, mineral matter of the dust, and other compounds in the ventilation air flows. The paper also discusses possible correlations between ventilation air characteristics and underground mining activities.     

Usnic acid controls the acidity tolerance of lichens

The hypotheses were tested that, firstly, lichens producing the dibenzofuran usnic acid colonize substrates characterized by specific pH ranges, secondly, this preferred pH is in a range where soluble usnic acid and its corresponding anion occur in similar concentrations, and thirdly, usnic acid makes lichens vulnerable to acidity. Lichens with usnic acid prefer an ambient pH range between 3.5 and 5.5 with an optimum between 4.0 and 4.5. This optimum is close to the pK_a1 value of usnic acid of 4.4. Below this optimum pH, dissolved SO₂ reduces the chlorophyll fluorescence yield more in lichens with than without their natural content of usnic acid. This suggests that usnic acid influences the acidity tolerance of lichens. The putative mechanism of the limited acidity tolerance of usnic acid-containing lichens is the acidification of the cytosol by molecules of protonated usnic acid shuttling protons through the plasma membrane at an apoplastic pH < pK_a1.     

Assessing the suitability of Norway spruce wood as an environmental archive for sulphur

The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of Norway spruces (Picea abies L. Karst.) as an environmental archive for sulphur. For this purpose spruce trees were sampled in two distinct regions of Switzerland: the Alps and the Swiss Plateau, which differ significantly with respect to S immission. Wood samples were measured using two methods: LASER Ablation high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-HR-ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) after acid digestion. Independently corroborated by previous measurements of sulphur in peat bogs, the rise and fall of sulphur dioxide pollution in Switzerland appears to be reflected in spruce wood sulphur content. While the wood sulphur content profile of trees sampled in the Alps is relatively flat, the profiles of trees located on the Swiss Plateau display a characteristic sulphur peak. This corresponds to air pollution data in the different regions and indicates that the trees reacted on the changing S supply and recorded a pollution signal in the wood.