模拟可见光下掺杂TiO2对甲醛溶液光催化降解

模拟自然条件下的可见光,以甲醛的光催化降解为探针反应,评价了通过溶胶凝胶法分别制备的8种（银Ag、铜Cu、铁Fe、钨W、铈Ce、镧La、硫S、氯Cl）掺杂TiO₂纳米晶体的光催化活性及对甲醛水溶液的去除效果。用X射线衍射、激光粒度分析和紫外-可见分光光谱表征了掺杂纳米TiO₂的微晶尺寸、晶体结构与光学性能。结果表明：Ce离子尽管有较大的半径但是主要还是掺杂到晶格中,Ce掺杂可以促进TiO₂由非正分锐钛矿相向锐钛矿相和金红石相的转变,抑制载流子复合,使TiO₂的光吸收带边发生红移且有利于对可见光的吸收,从而使Ce掺杂TiO₂在模拟可见光下光催化甲醛水溶液的能力得到明显提高。     

Redox chemistry of sulphate and uranium in a phosphogypsum tailings dump

The present study aims to assess the effect of redox conditions existing within the tailings dump on the stability of phosphogypsum (e.g. sulphate reduction) and uranium(VI). Phosphogypsum sampling and in-situ measurements were carried out at a coastal tailings dump in Vasiliko Cyprus, pH, E_H and solubility experiments were performed in simulated laboratory systems and thermodynamic calculations using MINTEQA2. Generally, in the open tailings dump oxidizing conditions predominate stabilizing sulphur and uranium in their hexavalent oxidation states. On the other hand, after the application of a soil/vegetative cover and in the presence of natural organic matter, anoxic conditions prevail (E_H < −70 mV) resulting in S(VI) and U(VI) reduction to S(−II) and U(IV), respectively. Although, the sulphide anion can form very insoluble compounds with heavy metal ions (e.g. Cd(II), Pb(II) etc.) and U(IV) oxide has very low solubility, partial reduction of sulphate to sulphide within gypsum may affect the stability of phosphogypsum resulting in enhanced erosion of the material by rain- and seawater and washing out of contaminants in particulate/colloidal form.     

纳米TiO_2/EP光催化降解罗丹明B废水的研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出可漂浮于水面的膨胀珍珠岩（EP）负载型TiO2,研究其在水中对罗丹明B（RB）的去除效果、吸附降解动力学以及最佳工艺条件,并研究其多次回收再生后的降解效果。结果表明,浸渍3次的负载型TiO2光催化活性最高,回收5次后活性变化很小,降解率下降不到8%;光催化剂用量为0.2 g,20 mL初始浓度为10 mg/L和15mg/L RB溶液光照6 h后降解率分别达98%和74%。在实验浓度范围内,该光催化反应可用一级反应动力学方程描述。     

离子液体辅助合成Nd掺杂TiO_2的可见光催化性能

在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟化硼([C4MIM]BF4)的辅助下,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Nd掺杂Ti O2光催化剂(Nd-Ti O2(IL))。实验结果表明:在加入[C4MIM]BF4、n(Nd)∶n(Ti O2)=2.5%的条件下制得的Nd-Ti O2(IL)(记作2.5%Nd-Ti O2(IL))的光催化性能最好;在初始亚甲基蓝质量浓度10 mg/L、2.5%Nd-Ti O2(IL)加入量1 g/L的条件下,光催化反应180 min,亚甲基蓝降解率为84%,2.5%Nd-Ti O2(IL)光催化降解亚甲基蓝的表观速率常数为0.010 9 min-1。表征结果显示:Nd的掺杂抑制了Ti O2晶粒长大,增大了Ti O2的比表面积,2.5%Nd-Ti O2(IL)的比表面积为80.77 m2/g;[C4MIM]BF4的加入提高了Ti O2的晶化度;Nd以Nd3+的形式,通过晶格取代方式进入Ti O2晶格。     

TiO2光催化法降解空气中的苯

以紫外灯为光源,采用P25型TiO₂光催化降解空气中的苯。为保证TiO₂的高分散性、增加其在铝板上的附着牢固性,加入了聚乙烯醇和硅溶胶,这在一定程度上增加了催化剂对光能的利用率,但也造成了催化剂活性的降低。实验结果表明：苯的光催化降解反应属一级动力学反应;苯降解率随初始苯质量浓度的增加而减小,随反应面积的增大而增大,在253.7 nm波长光源下的降解效果优于365.0 nm;苯降解所得的气相产物主要为CO₂和CO;随使用次数的增加,催化剂失活现象逐步显现;双氧水对催化剂的再生效果优于去离子水。     

Solubility and adsorption behaviors of chlorpyriphos-methyl in the presence of surfactants

In the present work changes in the adsorption of the pesticide chlorpyrifos-methyl (CLP-m) on soil colloids induced by application of surfactants were determined using a batch equilibrium method. The surfactants used were sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), Tween 20, and dihexadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DHAB). The adsorption isotherms of CLP-m in aqueous medium and in surfactant solutions at concentration equal to the critical micelle concentration (CMC) fitted the Freunlich adsorption equation generally with R² values greater than 0.96. While the addition of SDS and DHAB decreased the pesticide adsorption, the addition of Tween 20 increased the pesticide adsorption. The increases or decreases in the adsorption in the experiment revealed that the behavior of CLP-m in soil water-systems mainly depends on the type of surfactant. Moreover water solubility of CLP-m changes by the three surfactants below and above their CMC were studied. While the solubility of CLP-m was enhanced by SDS both below and above the CMC, the solubility of the pesticide was enhanced by DHAB only above the CMC. Tween 20 did not influence the solubility of CLP-m.     

纳米TiO2/硅藻土光催化降解废水中二甲胺

通过凝胶-溶胶法制备纳米TiO2/硅藻土复合催化剂,对常见工业难降解有机污染物二甲胺(DMA)进行了降解实验.采用扫描电镜和X射线衍射技术对催化剂能进行了表征,考察了废水初始浓度、pH、催化剂用量、外加氧化剂对DMA光催化降解效果的影响,进行了降解动力学和降解机理的分析.结果表明,所制催化剂为锐钛矿和金红石混合晶型,均达纳米级,对中低浓度(≤400 mg/L)DMA废水具有良好的降解效果.常温常压、18W紫外汞灯下,3 g/L TiO2/硅藻土对DMA废水(400 mg/L)降解率可达70％以上;其降解反应符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型;其可能的降解途径为:二甲胺(DMA)→甲胺(MA)→CO2/CO32-、H2O和NH4+.     

硫酸厂SO2减排技术综述

介绍了硫酸厂优化转化工艺指标法、低温催化剂技术、尾气脱硫技术等SO2减排技术的应用进展,并探讨了各种技术的适用性。建议各硫酸厂综合考虑场地空间、投资和运行成本、脱硫副产物出路、脱硫剂来源等因素采用适用、先进的减排技术。     

鼓泡式反应器高径比对氨法烟气脱碳性能的影响

以N2和CO2混合气模拟燃烧烟气,研究了鼓泡反应器的高径比以及反应条件对氨法烟气脱碳性能的影响。实验结果表明:在相同高径比的条件下,CO2吸收率随氨水质量分数的增加、反应温度的升高而逐渐增大,随进气CO2体积分数和模拟烟气流量的增加而逐渐减小;CO2吸收率随高径比的增加而增大,在高径比为3.98、氨水质量分数为28%、进气CO2体积分数为10%、模拟烟气流量为1.0L/min、反应温度为40℃的条件下,CO2吸收率最高可达100%。