处理微污染河水的人工湿地中磷的去除特征及吸附形态分布

通过在野外条件下构建两座潜流人工湿地,考察了湿地对微污染水体中磷的净化效果,以及湿地填料对4种主要形态磷的吸附特征.结果表明,湿地对总磷(TP)的平均去除率在30％左右,颗粒性总磷(STP)去除比例略高于溶解性总磷(DTP).两个湿地中TP的出水负荷随其进水负荷的升高线性增大,而磷的单位面积去除负荷与进水负荷呈对数关系,迸水负荷超过1000 g·m-2·d-1后,去除负荷没有发生明显变化.4种主要形态磷的吸附量关系表现为钙镁磷(Ca/Mg-P,12582和11052 mg)＞铁铝磷(Fe/Al-P,5312和5750 mg)＞弱吸附磷(Plabile-P,2054和1207 mg)＞腐殖质磷(Humic-P,-362和-136 mg).湿地3层填料对Humic-P和Plabile-P的吸附能力有限,且伴有解吸现象,而Ca/Mg-P和Fe/Al-P的吸附主要发生在卵石和碎砖层,碎石层对湿地中磷的去除贡献较低.栽种植物对湿地中填料对磷的吸附影响较小.     

Hybrid constructed wetlands for highly polluted river water treatment and comparison of surface- and subsurface-flow cells

A series of large pilot constructed wetland （CW） systems were constructed near the confluence of an urban stream to a larger fiver in Xi＇an, a northwestern megacity in China, for treating polluted stream water before it entered the receiving water body. Each CW system is a combination of surface- and subsurface-flow cells with local gravel, sand or slag as substrates and Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis as plants. During a one-year operation with an average surface loading of 0.053 m3/（m2.day）, the overall COD, BOD, NH3-N, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） removals were 72.7% ~ 4.5%, 93.4% ＋ 2.1%, 54.0% ＋ 6.3%, 53.9% ~ 6.0% and 69.4% ：t： 4.6%, respectively, which brought about an effective improvement of the fiver water quality. Surface-flow cells showed better NH3-N removal than their TN removal while subsurface-flow cells showed better TN removal than their NH3-N removal. Using local slag as the substrate, the organic and phosphorus removal could be much improved. Seasonal variation was also found in the removal of all the pollutants and autumn seemed to be the best season for pollutant removal due to the moderate water temperature and well grown plants in the CWs.     

污染谷物中重金属的分布及加工过程的影响

对污染水稻、小麦和玉米籽实中 Cd、Pb、Cu的分布及加工过程的去除进行了研究 .结果表明 ,Cd、Pb、Cu在水稻、小麦和玉米籽实各形态结构中的浓度分布不均 ,胚中浓度显著高于胚乳 ,且皮层和颖壳中浓度也较高 .但从单位重量籽实中的 Cd、Pb、Cu总量分布看 ,胚乳中占据绝对优势 .稻、麦籽实中 3种元素的浓度随样品加工浓度的升级去除率增加 ,水稻中 Cd、Pb、Cu的去除率可达 24.10 %、56.93%和 41.00% ,小麦分别为 61.66%、81.27%、78.37% .     

重污染感潮河道底泥重金属污染评价及释放规律研究

以珠汀流域重污染感潮河道为研究对象,采用地累积指数、变异系数、相关性分析和潜在乍态风险指数对底泥中重金属的污染状况进行了评价,并考察了静态条件和模拟感潮条件下重金属的释放规律.结果表明:河道底泥的重金属污染严重,cu、zn、cr、Cd和Ph的平均含量分别为2083.96、1791.60、117.84、1662.92和3.71 mg·kg-1,均大大超过广州市土壤背景值;各金属的富集程度为Cu>Zn>Cr>Cd>Pb,其中Cu的富集程度已经达到6级,为极强污染;各重金属元素在底泥中的变异系数较小,沿程分布比较平缓,cu与cr、cd与cr之间的相关性良好.以广州市土壤背景值为参比值进行评价,郭村涌底泥中的重金属生态危害顺序为Cd>Cu>Cr>Zn>Pb,总体表现为极强的生态危害程度.与静态释放相比.感潮作用呵明显加速底泥重金属的释放,其平均释放速率提高了0.77～4.20倍,释放量增加了0.32～1.78倍,同时涨退潮过程低水位时段较之高水位时段底泥重金属释放平均速率增加0.48～3.33倍.     

气动絮凝强化处理城镇污染河水

为减轻水体污染,缓解环境压力,对典型城镇污染河水进行气动絮凝实验研究。在设定的实验条件下,以某大学中水站格栅后生活污水稀释配制的水样来模拟典型城镇污染河水并作为实验研究对象,以无机高分子聚合物聚合氯化铁铝(PFAC)为絮凝剂,有机高分子聚合物聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为助凝剂。在此基础上,以浊度、COD、总磷和溶解氧为测定指标,采用连续流的方式进行一系列实验研究。实验结果显示:采用微孔曝气头进行曝气,当混合阶段充气量及絮凝池第一格、第二格充气量分别为1.778 m3空气/m3处理污水量、1.444 m3空气/m3处理污水量和0.622 m3空气/m3处理污水量时,城镇污染河水中污染物的去除效果最佳。其浊度、COD、TP的去除率可分别达93.6%、68.6%和73.5%。此外,在处理效果良好的前提下,沉淀池出水口出水溶解氧含量均能保持在2.29 mg/L左右。     

微污染水源水处理技术探析

近年来,我国不少地区饮用水水源水质日益恶化,水质净化面临新的问题。通过对微污染水源水处理技术的分析,阐明了微污染水处理的基本理论,探讨了强化传统处理工艺、预处理技术、深化处理技术的作用效果与机理,展望了我国饮用水源水处理发展趋势。     

新沂河污水资源化生态工程可行性研究

新沂河污水资源化生态工程是以蔷薇河送清水工程为依托 ,将新沂河北偏泓作为排污专道 ,排污专线可构建成为五级河道稳定塘。其技术路线是控源导流 ,清污分流 ,通过河道稳定塘来自然降解城市污水。本文以科学的预测数据论证了工程的可行性。     

污染水中营养物质去除的新技术探讨

从廉价高效的角度出发，介绍了三种去除污染水中N、P等营养物质的新技术：渗透性反应墙、人工湿地、水生附着物-鱼系统，并简要分析了其存在的问题及发展前景。希望通过这次探讨，为污染水净化提供一种新思路。     

Measurement of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxide concentrations during autumn in Beijing, China

Gaseous peroxides play important roles in atmospheric chemistry. To understand the pathways of the formation and removal of peroxides, atmospheric peroxide concentrations and their controlling factors were measured from 7:00 to 20:00 in September, October, and November 2013 at a heavily trafficked residential site in Beijing, China, with average concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and methyl hydroperoxide (MHP) at 0.55 ppb and 0.063 ppb, respectively. H₂O₂ concentrations were higher in the afternoon and lower in the morning and evening, while MHP concentrations did not exhibit a regular diurnal pattern. Both H₂O₂ and MHP concentrations increased at dusk in most cases. Both peroxides displayed monthly variations with higher concentrations in September. These results suggested that photochemical activity was the main controlling factor on variations of H₂O₂ concentrations during the measurement period. Increasing concentrations of volatile organic compounds emitted by motor vehicles were important contributors to H₂O₂ and MHP enrichment. High levels of H₂O₂ and MHP concentrations which occurred during the measurement period probably resulted from the transport of a polluted air mass with high water vapor content passing over the Bohai Bay, China.     

土壤重金属污染修复的研究

概述了土壤重金属污染的来源、现状、污染特点及其存在形态和作用机理。分析评论了土壤污染防治的三种主流技术：工程治理措施、化学治理措施和生物修复法,并指出了各自优缺点。也从物理、化学、植物与微生物联合修复方面全面地介绍了国内外重金属污染土壤的治理方法及最新进展,就其原理、实例、优缺点和合理应用等问题作了阐述。另外,还着重阐明了修复技术的概念、机理、影响因素、优势及可行性。同时,提出了当前土壤重金属污染与修复技术研究的重点,并在此基础上提出一些见解和看法,为今后这方面的研究提供一些参考。