衡阳平湖污染淤泥固化/稳定化技术的应用

淤泥固化/稳定化技术是一种解决大量淤泥处理难题的有效方法,同时也是进行环境疏浚的配套技术.通过在衡阳平湖对2万m3淤泥的固化处理和工程应用实践,探讨了环境疏浚的基本工艺并重点验证固化/稳定化技术对污染淤泥处理的效果.另外,淤泥固化/稳定化技术可以快速稳定淤泥中重金属等污染物,进而用于填筑用土,解决了淤泥的堆放占地和环境...     

微生物在土壤中迁移物化参数的确定

以甲基叔丁基醚高效降解菌Chryseobacterium sp.A-3为研究对象,对污染场地生物修复中微生物在土壤中迁移的重要相关物化参数做了详细的描述和实验研究,包括土壤物性参数以及微生物在土壤中的吸附等温参数、吸附动力学、有效扩散系数和生长项系数.结果表明,微生物在土壤中的吸附等温线可与Freundlich方程很好地拟合,相关性达到99.5%,指数常数为1.1,该指数常数在统计上与1差别不大,因此可以用线性方程来描述平衡吸附过程.实验测得该菌在砂质壤土中的平衡吸附系数为0.98 mL/g.滞膜理论能够预测土壤中微生物的动力学吸附行为,同时也说明吸附过程是可逆的,得到土壤中微生物吸附的动力学参数,即可逆吸附常数为0.004 s-1,可逆解吸常数为0.002 s-1.膜池理论与分形理论分析得到微生物在土壤中的扩散系数为3.66×10-6 cm2/s,有效扩散系数为5.18×10-7cm2/s.通过对微生物降解甲基叔丁基醚过程进行拟合得到微生物的最大比增长速率为0.01 h-1,基质半饱和常数为134 mg/L以及细胞得率为0.33.本研究所提出的微生物在土壤中物化参数的确定方法可普遍应用于实验室和现场的微生物...     

Contaminant removal from low-concentration polluted river water by the bio-rack wetlands

The bio-rack is a new approach for treating low-concentration polluted river water in wetland systems. A comparative study of the efficiency of contaminant removal between four plant species in bio-rack wetlands and between a bio-rack system and control system was conducted on a small-scale (500 mm length × 400 mm width × 400 mm height) to evaluate the decontamination effects of four different wetland plants. There was generally a significant difference in the removal of total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) and total phosphorus (TP), but no significant difference in the removal of permanganate index (COD_Mn) between the bio-rack wetland and control system. Bio-rack wetland planted with Thalia dealbata had higher nutrient removal rates than wetlands planted with other species. Plant fine-root (root diameter ≤ 3 mm) biomass rather than total plant biomass was related to nutrient removal efficiency. The study suggested that the nutrient removal rates are influenced by plant species, and high fine-root biomass is an important factor in selecting highly effective wetland plants for a bio-rack system. According to the mass balance, the TN and TP removal were in the range of 61.03--73.27 g/m² and 4.14--5.20 g/m² in four bio-rack wetlands during the whole operational period. The N and P removal by plant uptake constituted 34.9%--43.81% of the mass N removal and 62.05%--74.81% of the mass P removal. The study showed that the nitrification/denitrification process and plant uptake process are major removal pathways for TN, while plant uptake is an effective removal pathway for TP.     

Effect of artificial aeration on the performance of vertical-flow constructed wetland treating heavily polluted river water

Three lab-scale vertical-flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs), including the non-aerated (NA), intermittently aerated (IA) and continuously aerated (CA) ones, were operated at different hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) to evaluate the effect of artificial aeration on the treatment efficiency of heavily polluted river water. Results indicated that artificial aeration increased the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in IA and CA, which significantly favored the removal of organic matter and NH₄⁺-N. The DO grads caused by intermittent aeration formed aerobic and anoxic regions in IA and thus promoted the removal of total nitrogen (TN). Although the removal efficiencies of COD_Cr, NH₄⁺-N and TN in the three VFCWs all decreased with an increase in HLR, artificial aeration enhanced the reactor resistance to the fluctuation of pollutant loadings. The maximal removal efficiencies of COD_Cr, NH₄⁺-N and total phosphorus (TP) (i.e., 81%, 87% and 37%, respectively) were observed in CA at 19 cm/day HLR, while the maximal TN removal (i.e., 57%) was achieved in IA. Although the improvement of artificial aeration on TP removal was limited, this study has demonstrated the feasibility of applying artificial aeration to VFCWs treating polluted river water, particularly at a high HLR.     

BAF-BAC组合工艺对受污染河水水质净化研究

研究通过采用BAF-BAC组合工艺净化受污染河水,进行了该系统对主要污染物指标的去除效果分析,并结合多种生物毒性效应检测,进行了系统对生物毒性物质的去除研究。结果表明:组合工艺系统稳定运行阶段,对COD、NH3-N和TN平均去除率分别在60%、96%和19%左右。试验条件下最适宜水力负荷10 L/h,BAF单元最佳气水比为7:1时,系统对上述污染物的去除率分别达到72%、99%和20%。发光菌抑制试验表明,受污染河水在浓缩50、10和2倍时,相对抑制率均高于80%,经BAF-BAC组合装置净化后,相对抑制率分别为15.8%、7.8%和3%,出水水质没有表现出明显急性毒性特征;受污染河水对大型蚤急性致死率达到100%,而最终出水大型蚤死亡率为0%;在浓缩50倍、20倍、10倍和1倍时,受污染河水水样对仔鱼的致死性分别为100%、70%、20%和0,最终出水水样中仔鱼死亡率均为0,说明组合工艺系统各单元对此类毒性物质均有去除效果。     

微污染水源水强化出水水质技术研究

文章主要阐述了针对目前中国微污染水源水的特点及许多自来水厂普遍存在的水质问题,对生物强化过滤技术的应用进行了较深入的研究。生物活性滤池由于出水的亚硝酸盐氮浓度较低,因而节约了氯耗,减少了消毒副产物的生成,强化了出水水质,具有更高的水质安全性。生物强化过滤工艺既可以起生物过滤作用,又不增加任何新的设施,是一种易为水厂接受、经济实用的解决微污染饮用水源问题的有效途径,对保证水质安全及生产应用都具有非常重要的意义。     

同步脱氮除磷复配菌剂对河流水质净化效果研究

通过选择培养基、溴麝香草酚蓝（Bromothymol Blue,BTB）培养基筛选及脱氮除磷性能检测,从城市河道中成功筛选出6株异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌株,分别属于假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）、产碱杆菌属（Alcaligenes）、无色杆菌属（Achromobacter）和陶厄氏菌属（Thauera）,其中3株菌株兼具硝化、反硝化和聚磷能力,菌株MC-5除磷能力最优.在此基础上,将筛选出的6株单菌株进行复配,考察了复配菌剂在不同COD/TN下的脱氮除磷性能.根据群落结构变化分析,发现复配菌剂中的产碱杆菌属在脱氮除磷中发挥了更为关键的作用.水中碳源耗尽时补加碳源能显著提升复配菌剂的脱氮除磷性能,氨氮和总磷去除率分别由55.87%和50.48%提高到100%和98.89%,而水中COD/TN高于20会对微生物产生抑制作用.探究复配菌剂处理受污染河水最佳投加量的试验结果表明,投加量为1.69 g·m-3时,总磷指标能够从地表水劣Ⅴ类提高至Ⅲ类水质标准,氮类指标能够提升至接近地表水Ⅴ类水质标准.适当提高菌剂投加量能提高氮、磷元素降解速率,缩短河道水质修复时间.这说明本研究中的同步脱氮除磷...     

氧化塘-浮石床湿地系统处理城市污染河水

以氧化塘-浮石床湿地复合系统为研究对象,探讨了该系统在旱期与雨期工况下分别处理城市旱期低污染河水与雨期重污染河水的运行状况,结果表明:该复合系统可有效处理旱期低污染河水和雨期重污染河水。系统在旱期工况(塘与湿地的水力负荷分别为0.22,0.37 m/d)与雨期工况下分别处理低污染河水和重污染河水的出水中SS、COD、TP、TN与NH4+-N均达GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准。     

微污染水体夜间曝气控藻效果研究

设计和开发了一种适用于小城镇的曝气控藻设备,通过底泥围隔实验,研究了夜间曝气对微污染水体的治理效果。结果表明:曝气可以有效抑制氮素循环中反硝化作用和底泥向上覆水中释放磷元素,对氮、磷营养元素的抑制率高达80%;曝气对叶绿素a浓度影响极其显著(p<0.01);曝气能有效抑制藻类增长,并防止围隔内的藻类优势种转变为容易引发"水华"的铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)。     

电镀厂污染土壤重金属形态及淋洗去除效果

以某电镀厂污染场地重污染区域土壤为研究对象,对土壤中重金属全量和各形态含量进行分析,并研究筛选高效土壤淋洗剂,比较其淋洗去除效果。结果表明,该土壤以铬和镍污染最为严重,土壤铬和镍含量分别达1 564.00和679.00 mg.kg-1,土壤铜、锌和铅含量分别为297.00、276.00和51.40 mg.kg-1,铜、铬、镍、锌和铅的有效态比例分别为41.77%、13.16%、28.08%、21.50%和31.18%。去离子水、盐酸、乙酸、草酸、柠檬酸和EDTA 6种淋洗剂中,去离子水对5种重金属提取量均较少;草酸对铜、铬、镍和锌去除效果较好,去除率分别为55.1%、24.8%、47.5%和29.3%;柠檬酸对铜、铬、镍和锌去除效果较好,去除率分别为26.3%、25.7%、33.0%和21.6%;EDTA对铜、镍、锌和铅去除效果较好,去除率分别为31.5%、28.9%、21.4%和30.6%。综合考虑淋洗剂的提取效果、水溶性以及操作难度和成本,建议采用柠檬酸作为淋洗剂,最佳液土比〔V（液）∶m（土）〕为10∶1,最佳淋洗时间为6 h。