浅析内部审核与管理评审在海洋环境监测质量管理中的应用

计量认证质量管理体系在海洋环境监测质量"过程性"管理中是否得以有效发挥,取决于质量管理体系中的两个活力因子即内部审核和管理评审活动的有效开展.通过分析内部审核和管理评审基本内涵及其在质量管理体系中的重要作用的基础上,探讨在现阶段海洋环境监测质量管理中如何有效实施内部审核和管理评审活动;并特别指出实验室高层管理者对内部审核和管理评审活动的重要性认识和领导方式方法以及内部审核和管理评审活动结果的后续工作处理等问题,应引起注意.     

Linking gender,climate change and security in the Pacific Islands Region: A systematic review

This systematic review aims to address gaps in understanding how concepts of gender, climate change and security are given meaning and linked in empirical scholarship within the Pacific Islands Region. The review assesses the 53 articles returned through Web of Science, SCOPUS and ProQuest databases that are derived from empirical research and refer to gender, climate change and security. The findings indicate that this is an emerging topic in a region that is one of the most vulnerable to climate change across the globe. Most frequently gender analysis is given superficial treatment; there is limited literature that connects gendered vulnerabilities to historical legacies and structural inequalities; and women’s critical roles that create security are often overlooked and devalued. The review indicates that greater work is needed to question perceived threats to security and to reveal how climate change, gendered institutions, systems and spaces, historical legacies and politics interact to construct security in the Pacific Islands Region.     

矿产资源开发生态补偿文献综述及实践进展

矿产资源开发会造成严重的环境污染和生态破坏,影响矿区经济增长和居民生活,为了消除这种负外部性,必须给予相应的补偿。在概念界定的基础上,对矿产资源开发生态补偿的理论文献进行系统梳理,并对国内外实践进行总结。分析发现：现有研究在内容上尚存在一些不足之处,包括生态补偿契约设计问题、补偿资金分摊问题、差异化补偿标准问题、不同补偿模式交易成本测度及临界点问题等。这些问题是未来值得进一步深入研究的学术问题。我国矿产资源开发生态补偿起步较晚,在实践中暴露出一些问题,包括制度建设和监管体系等。相比较而言,美国、德国、英国等国家经过长期的实践,在法律体系建设、不同矿区分类补偿、进入和退出机制、资金保障制度、监管机制构建等方面具有丰富的经验,取得了非常好的效果。借鉴其他国家的先进经验,可以从几方面完善我国矿产资源开发生态补偿机制,包括健全法律法规体系、完善保证金制度、健全生态补偿税费制度、建立健全监管体系等。     

粮食损失研究进展和展望

我国人多地少,粮食安全事关国家安全。因此,在重视增产的同时,需要不断关注粮食损失问题。通过回顾现有粮食损失的研究,总结文献中提出的重要问题,展望未来可能的研究方向。分析表明,现有研究主要集中在:(1)减少粮食损失的目的和效果的研究。包括增加粮食供给、保障国家安全,减少不必要的资源浪费、减轻环境压力,保障粮食质量、保证食品安全,以及增加粮食价值链参与者的利润等。(2)粮食产后各环节损失水平估计及其影响因素研究。(3)减少粮食损失的方法研究,包括品种改良、教育培训、改进储存设施等。在对现有研究综述的基础上,提出了几点展望:未来的研究应向粮食价值链下游环节拓展,对粮食质量损失程度进行定量分析,并关注粮食的最优损失水平。     

绿色建材的研究与发展综述

总结了绿色建材的基本概念与评价方法,介绍了绿色混凝土、绿色墙体材料、绿色涂料、相变储能建筑材料,认为绿色建材和绿色建筑技术将成为未来建筑行业的主要研究方向之一,今后我国绿色建材发展的主要前提首先是提高政府、设计人员的环保意识,其次要健全评价体系。     

土地集约利用评价方法研究综述

基于土地利用类型和评价尺度,应用文献资料法和综合分析法,梳理了国内20世纪90年代以来土地集约利用评价研究,阐述了土地集约利用的内涵,着重探讨了各种评价方法针对不同用地类型和不同评价尺度的实践应用,归纳各种评价方法并进行对比分析,探讨未来土地节约集约利用评价方法的研究方向和发展趋势.     

Review Study on Main Models of Market Integration

With the endless strengthening of the economic globalization trend, the world market gradually steps into a new turn of the market integration period. Market integration in China is always the key study field of academic communities, but it is developed late, whatever content system or methodology shall be greatly improved as expected. This paper aims at summarizing and reviewing the study on the content system and main demonstrations of market integration in order to provide theoretical guide and methodological basis for related studies.     

Ethical considerations when conservation research involves people

Social science is becoming increasingly important in conservation, with more studies involving methodologies that collect data from and about people. Conservation science is a normative and applied discipline designed to support and inform management and practice. Poor research practice risks harming participants and, researchers, and can leave negative legacies. Often, those at the forefront of field-based research are early-career researchers, many of whom enter their first research experience ill-prepared for the ethical conundrums they may face. We draw on our own experiences as early-career researchers to illuminate how ethical challenges arise during conservation research that involves human participants. Specifically, we considered ethical review procedures, conflicts of values, and power relations, and devised broad recommendations on how to navigate ethical challenges when they arise during research. In particular, we recommend researchers apply reflexivity (i.e., thinking that allows researchers to recognize the effect researchers have on the research) to help navigate ethical challenges and encourage greater engagement with ethical review processes and the development of ethical guidelines for conservation research that involves human participants. Such guidelines must be accompanied by the integration of rigorous ethical training into conservation education. We believe our experiences are not uncommon and can be avoided and hope to spark discussion to contribute to a more socially just conservation.     

Thriving at work: A meta‐analysis

Thriving at work refers to a positive psychological state characterized by a joint sense of vitality and learning. On the basis of Spreitzer and colleagues' model, we present a comprehensive meta‐analysis of antecedents and outcomes of thriving at work (K = 73 independent samples, N = 21,739 employees). Results showed that thriving at work is associated with individual characteristics, such as psychological capital (r_c = .47), proactive personality (r_c = .58), positive affect (r_c = .52), and work engagement (r_c = .64). Positive associations were also found between thriving at work and relational characteristics, including supportive coworker behavior (r_c = .42), supportive leadership behavior (r_c = .44), and perceived organizational support (r_c = .63). Moreover, thriving at work is related to important employee outcomes, including health‐related outcomes such as burnout (r_c = ?.53), attitudinal outcomes such as commitment (r_c = .65), and performance‐related outcomes such as task performance (r_c = .35). The results of relative weights analyses suggest that thriving exhibits small, albeit incremental predictive validity above and beyond positive affect and work engagement, for task performance, job satisfaction, subjective health, and burnout. Overall, the findings of this meta‐analysis support Spreitzer and colleagues' model and underscore the importance of thriving in the work context.