人类活动在武汉东湖沉积物中的记录

研究了武汉东湖Ⅰ站90cm和Ⅱ站150cm沉积物柱芯TOC、TN、TP和硅藻的垂向分布,探讨了在东湖的发展演化中尤其是富营养化的过程中人类活动的影响.在350aBP(清朝康熙雍正年间)和20世纪60年代,由于人口增长、农业耕作发展和湖泊富营养化使区域内TOC、TN等营养物质向湖内大量输入.东湖I站沉积物中TP在0～5cm的高值区主要与建国以来东湖周围的人类活动作用加强有关,是湖泊营养程度逐步提高的结果.随着湖泊富营养化的加剧,湖泊藻类大量繁衍,沉积物中保存的硅藻也相应大量增加.     

近30 a青藏高原夏季空中水资源时空变化特征及其成因

综合考虑高原大地形以及南亚季风、中纬西风带的影响,利用1979-2010 年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,从高原整体空中水资源分布以及区域可降水量与水汽收支变化等方面剖析了青藏高原夏季（6-8 月）空中水资源时空变化特征及其机制。分析表明：除高原西北部外,其它4 个分区多年平均水汽净收支为汇。1979-2010 年,高原中南、东南与西北部可降水量与水汽净收支均呈递减趋势,东北部相反,中北部水汽净输入减弱但可降水量增加。高原空中水资源变化与中纬西风带和南亚季风水汽输送关联密切,区域西风、南亚季风活动减弱分别反映了高原中东部纬向水汽、30°N以南经向水汽输送的减少;而高原特有的地形分布加剧了各分区水汽净收支变化格局。     

基于反硝化脱氮的硫铁复合填料除磷机制

为提高硫铁复合填料反硝化脱氮同步除磷效果,对比研究了不同填料和耦合微生物后的除磷效果,分析了微生物耦合硫铁复合填料反硝化脱氮同步实现除磷的机制.结果表明与单纯海绵铁填料比较,硫磺与海绵铁复合填料除磷效率提高30%,达到95%以上,出水磷含量可降至0.1 mg·L~(-1)以下.X射线衍射(XRD)和总铁浓度分析表明,硫铁复合填料除磷系统反应产物主要为FeOOH、FeS和Fe_4(PO_4)_3(OH)_3固体物质和溶解性铁离子,产生于海绵铁的腐蚀和除磷过程;腐蚀产生的Fe~(2+)及Fe~(3+)的水解产物FeOOH和Fe S通过吸附沉淀作用将PO_4~(3-)转化为Fe_4(PO_4)_3(OH)_3去除.微生物耦合硫铁炭复合填料反应器运行稳定后,TN、TP去除率分别在90%左右和83%以上;硫自养反硝化产生的H~+和生物铁作用也可以促进海绵铁腐蚀和除磷过程,体系将"异养协同自养"复合反硝化与化学除磷有机结合,实现了城市污水处理厂尾水高效反硝化脱氮同步除磷的目的.     

某城市污水厂运行中出现的问题及解决办法探讨

某城市污水处理厂采用改良氧化沟工艺处理生活污水,在运行中存在脱氮除磷效果不佳的问题。通过对该厂的工艺流程及进、出水水质情况等分析,结果表明:TN、TP去除率低的主要原因是进水有机物浓度与设计值相比偏低,氧化沟内很难形成设计时所设想的好氧/缺氧交替运行的环境以满足氮、磷的去除。因此,尽快完善污水收集系统,使城市污水处理厂进水水质达到设计要求是提高氮、磷去除效率的关键。在工艺中可适当减少曝气量来提高TN去除率,降低出水中的硝态氮和溶解氧,同时进一步提高TP去除率。     

秦淮河典型河段总氮总磷时空变异特征

2010年6月～2011年5月,对秦淮河典型河段水体总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的污染状况进行了周年定点观测,采用传统统计学方法初步探讨了秦淮河水体TN、TP污染状况及时空间变化特征.结果表明,秦淮河TN、TP污染严重,且具有很强的时空变异性.秦淮河传统农业区、集约农业区和城市区TN平均浓度分别为1.80、3.97、9.25 mg·L-1,TP平均浓度分别为0.03、0.11、0.50 mg·L-1,表明秦淮河TN、TP主要来源于城市区和集约农业区,而传统农业区对水体TN、TP贡献较小.秦淮河丰水期和枯水期TN平均浓度分别为1.89、4.58 mg·L-1,TP平均浓度分别为0.11、0.14 mg·L-1,表明秦淮河枯水期较丰水期污染严重.富营养化评价结果显示,秦淮河河段大都处于富营养化状态,应及时采取治理措施.     

对含有机磷缓蚀阻垢剂以及循环水中总磷含量测定方法的改进

对含有机磷缓蚀阻垢剂以及循环水中总磷含量的测定，采用直接在容量瓶中加热分解方法，可以简化繁琐的洗涤转移的过程，避免总磷丢失，提高准确性，节约实验操作时间，在实际工作中是一种很实用的方法。     

Survey and determination of Anzali wetland trophic state through geographic information systems (GIS)

The trophic state of the Anzali wetland was determined by nutrient analysis, indicating an alarming hypertrophic state. The Anzali wetland is environmentally and economically one of the most important ecosystems that is located in north-west Iran. This wetland was registered as a Ramsar site in September 1975, but due to many problems, particularly eutrophication created by excessive amounts of nutrients, it was registered in the Montreux record. This study was conducted for a year on 21 stations in three zones including receiving rivers, surface water and exiting rivers. Geographic information systems were used to better understand the prevailing situation. Analysis was conducted according to international standards and classification of OECD for freshwaters. The indicators used were levels of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP), and the trophic state index (TSI). Data showed an increase of excess nutrients from domestic and agricultural sources, leading to human, cultural eutrophication processes rather than natural eutrophication.     

CALIBRATION OF STORM LOADS IN THE SOUTH PRONG WATERSHED,FLORIDA, USING BASINS/HSPF1

ABSTRACT: The South Prong watershed is a major tributary system of the Sebastian River and adjacent Indian River Lagoon. Continued urbanization of the Sebastian River drainage basin and other watersheds of the Indian River Lagoon is expected to increase runoff and nonpoint source pollutant loads. The St. Johns River Water Management District developed watershed simulation models to estimate potential impacts on the ecological systems of receiving waters and to assist planners in devising strategies to prevent further degradation of water resources. In the South Prong system, a storm water sampling program was carried out to calibrate the water quality components of the watershed model for total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorous (TP), and total nitrogen (TN). During the period of May to November 1999, water quality and flow data were collected at three locations within the watershed. Two of the sampling stations were located at the downstream end of major watercourses. The third station was located at the watershed outlet. Five storm events were sampled and measured at each station. Sampling was conducted at appropriate intervals to represent the rising limb, peak, and recession limb of each storm event. The simulations were handled by HSPF (Hydrologic Simulation Program‐Fortran). Results include calibration of the hydrology and calibration of the individual storm loads. The hydrologic calibration was continuous over the period 1994 through 1999. Simulated storm runoff, storm loads, and event mean concentrations were compared with their corresponding observed values. The hydrologic calibration showed good results. The outcome of the individual storm calibrations was mixed. Overall, however, the simulated storm loads agreed reasonably well with measured loads for a majority of the storms.     

再生水水质环境中典型水华藻的生长特性

基于微藻的生长潜力试验,研究了再生水回用于景观水体时的水华风险.结果表明,在天然混合藻种接种体系中,铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)在再生水水质条件下的生长潜力大于其他受试藻种,其在3种二级出水(A2O、氧化沟和活性污泥)中的最大藻密度均可大于106个.mL-1,比生长速率0.39 d-1.A2O-超滤膜过滤-活性炭吸附-氯消毒深度处理工艺没有有效减低铜绿微囊藻的生长潜力,难以减小水华风险.再生水中的TP浓度能够明显影响铜绿微囊藻的最大密度(Kmax)和最大种群增长速率(Rmax),且符合Monod方程.