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61.
一次特大沙尘暴对乌鲁木齐市环境空气质量的影响分析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过对2001年5月11日乌鲁木齐市发生的特大沙尘暴及同期有关监测数据进行分析比较,指出乌鲁木齐市沙尘暴中的主要污染物为空气中的可吸入颗粒物,其成因除自然环境因素处,还与城市扬尘有关。 相似文献
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Branis M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,87(2):123-132
Trends in total suspended particulates (TSP) emissioninventories were compared with ambient TSP concentrationsduring the period of 1993-1999 in the Czech Republic. TheTSP annual emission decreased within the period of observationfrom 441 300 to 67 000 of metric tonnes (by 85%). During thesame period a less pronounced downward trend from80.3 g m-3 to 31.5g m-3 (decrease by 61%)was noted also for the ambient TSP annual average. Differencebetween the two air quality indicators seems to indicate thatchanges in TSP emission inventories from year to year arebeing to some extent overestimated. Monthly ambientparticulate concentrations did not respond to overall drop inemissions proportionately but were closely associated withmonthly mean temperatures. While in the winter the correlationbetween ambient TSP and temperature was negative, in summerthe correlation between the two variables was positive. Inspring and autumn there was no clear correlation betweentemperature and ambient particulate pollution. The improvementof air quality in the Czech Republic since the economical andpolitical transformation in 1990s is substantial whendemonstrated by emission figures, however, true state ofparticulate pollution expressed by ambient levels requiresfurther attention. 相似文献
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To understand the metal distribution characteristics in the atmosphere of urban Islamabad, total suspended particulate (TSP) samples were collected on daily 12 h basis, at Quaid-i-Azam University campus, using high volume sampler. The TSP samples were treated with HNO3/HClO4 based wet digestion method for the quantification of eight selected metals; Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni and Cd by FAAS method. The monitoring period ran from June 2001 to January 2002, with a total of 194 samples collected on cellulose filters. Effects of different meteorological conditions such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction on selected metal levels were interpreted by means of multivariate statistical approach. Enhanced metal levels for Fe (930 ng/m3), Zn (542 ng/m3) and Pb (210 ng/m3) were found on the mean scale while Mn, Cr, Co and Ni emerged as minor contributors. Statistical correlation study was also conducted and a strong correlation was observed between Pb-Cr (r=0.611). The relative humidity showed some significant influence on atmospheric metal distribution while other meteorological parameters showed weak relationship with TSP metal levels. Regarding the origin of sources of heavy metals in TSP, the statistical procedure identified three source profiles; automobile emissions, industrial/metallurgical units, and natural soil dust. The metal levels were also compared with those reported for other parts of the world which showed that the metal levels in urban atmosphere of Islamabad are in exceedence than those of European industrial and urban sites while comparable with some Asian sites. 相似文献
67.
Triantafyllou AG Zoras S Evagelopoulos V 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,122(1-3):41-60
Lignite mining operations and lignite-fired power stations result in major particulate pollution (fly ash and fugitive dust) problems in the areas surrounding these activities. The problem is more complicated, especially, for urban areas located not far from these activities, due to additional contribution from the urban pollution sources. Knowledge of the distribution of airborne particulate matter into size fraction has become an increasing area of focus when examining the effects of particulate pollution. On the other hand, airborne particle concentration measurements are useful in order to assess the air pollution levels based on national and international air quality standards. These measurements are also necessary for developing air pollutants control strategies or for evaluating the effectiveness of these strategies, especially, for long periods. In this study an attempt is made in order to investigate the particle size distribution of fly ash and fugitive dust in a heavy industrialized (mining and power stations operations) area with complex terrain in the northwestern part of Greece. Parallel total suspended particulates (TSP) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) concentrations are analyzed. These measurements gathered from thirteen monitoring stations located in the greater area of interest. Spatial, temporal variation and trend are analyzed over the last seven years. Furthermore, the geographical variation of PM10 – TSP correlation and PM10/TSP ratio are investigated and compared to those in the literature. The analysis has indicated that a complex system of sources and meteorological conditions modulate the particulate pollution of the examined area. 相似文献
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沈阳城市热岛变化趋势及其与TSP相关关系的初步分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
利用 1970~ 1999年 30a的沈阳市和其周边的几个观测站的年均地面温度资料、1987~ 1996年沈阳市TSP浓度的观测资料、2 0 0 2年 11月的沈阳市地面逐时温度观测资料以及 2 0 0 2年 11月的TSP浓度的观测资料 ,对沈阳市的城市热岛年际、日变化情况统计分析研究 ,找出了城市热岛的一些变化规律 ,并对这些规律与TSP浓度关系进行分析研究。结果表明 ,沈阳的热岛强度有逐年增强的趋势 ,冬季夜间增强尤为明显。TSP的浓度与热岛的增强呈正相关。 相似文献
70.
Guor-Cheng Fang Hung-Che Chiang Yu-Cheng Chen You-Fu Xiao Yuan-Jie Zhuang 《Environmental Forensics》2014,15(4):296-305
This study characterized the dry deposition flux and dry deposition velocity (Vd) of metallic elements attached on particulate matter. Specifically, large particles (>10 μm), coarse particles (10 μm~2.5 μm), and fine particles (<2.5 μm) were studied at the Gong Ming Junior High School (Taichung Airport) and Taichung Harbor sampling sites in central Taiwan. Ambient air samples were collected to determine total suspended particulate matter (TSP), dry deposition plate (DDP), Vd, coarse particulate matter (PM2.5–10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and metallic elements concentrations at the Airport and Taichung Harbor sites between June 17, 2013, and November 14, 2013. The results revealed that the average TSP, DDP, Vd, PM2.5–10, and PM2.5 particulate at the Airport were 54.55 (μg/m3), 902.25 (μg/m2-min), 17.11 (m/sec), 0.003 (μg/m3), and 0.010 (μg/m3), respectively; while these values at Taichung Harbor were 63.66 (μg/m3), 539.69 (μg/m2-min), 9.94 (m/sec), 0.003 (μg/m3), and 0.014 (μg/m3), respectively. In addition, the results showed that the average Cu and Pb concentrations were higher than Cr, Ni, and Cd for both the airport and harbor sampling sites. Furthermore, Cr, N, Cu, Cd, and Pb had the highest average concentrations versus those reported for other study areas, with one exception: The results obtained in Kacanik, Kosovo, during 2005. The average metallic elements concentrations order was Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. 相似文献