规模化养猪场粪污处理新工艺技术集成研究

根据可持续发展的理念,以实现资源化利用最大化为原则,针对规模化养猪场,通过技术集成和装置创新,提出了"固液分离池-上流序批式沼气池-固液分离机"粪污处理工艺,结合沼气工程运行自动化监控技术,形成规模化猪场粪污处理新工艺技术。福建省新星种猪育种有限公司应用该工艺技术运行结果表明,该工艺技术能够实现有效资源再利用,避免粪污排放造成环境污染,有望为规模化猪场建立一种实用生态型技术模式。     

攀钢120t转炉屋顶电除尘器集水槽的设计与改进

集水槽是屋顶电除尘器的主要组成部件之一,也是屋顶电除尘器与常规电除尘器结构设计的重要区别之一。文中叙述了在屋顶电除尘器设计过程中对此部件设计所要考虑的问题及设计方法,并对其需改进之处提出了展望。     

胜利油田生态农场经济发展数学模型

在对胜利油田生态农场系统结构分析的基础上,根据农场规划目标,建立了由投入产出模型和线性规划模型相结合的经济发展数学模型。应用该模型指导农场的经济建设,8 a来取得了极好的效果,证明所建立的模型是正确的。      

亚热带丘陵区集约化养猪场氨气近源沉降的土壤和植物氮素响应

选取中国亚热带丘陵区一集约化育肥猪场为研究对象,采用环形扩散管大气采样系统(DELTA),开展为期1 a养殖场500 m近源区大气氨浓度监测,采用双向交换模型,估算氨沉降量。采集养猪场近源区土壤、植株样品,探究大型集约化养殖场近源区土壤、植物氮素对氨沉降梯度的响应特征。结果表明：养猪场近源区土壤无机氮含量为2.3—32.4 mg·kg^-1(以铵态氮为主),随氨沉降量增加而增加。草本(白茅)盖度随氨沉降量增加而增加,500 m范围内增幅平均可达45.7%;灌木(黄荆)盖度随氨沉降量增加而减小,降幅平均为27.5%。植株叶片氮含量与氨沉降间关系不明显,灌木、苔藓叶片δ¹⁵N值为-13‰—-2‰,且随氨沉降增加而减小。δ¹⁵N可用于识别植物叶片氮素来源,与植株叶片总氮含量相比,植株叶片δ¹⁵N对氨沉降具有更好的生物指示作用。     

升流式固体反应器处理鸡粪废水的研究

报告了升流式固体反应器在３５℃条件下处理鸡粪废水的实验结果,进水ＣＯＤ浓度４１９００－６１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＳＳ４５－５５ｇ／Ｌ,ＳＣＯＤ为７２００ｍｇ／Ｌ,总挥发酸浓度３１７４ｍｇ／Ｌ,ｐＨ＝６．６１,运行６７ｄ后,消化器负荷达到１０．４５ｇ／Ｌ,产气率为４．８８Ｌ,所产沼气中平均甲烷含量５９．７５％,ＣＯＤ去除率８６．６２％。在ＨＲＴ５ｄ时,计算出ＳＲＴ为２４．８ｄ,ＳＳ去除率６６．１６％,文明     

东沙沙洲离岸潮间带风电场建设对鸟类的影响

对东沙沙洲离岸潮间带风电场的建设给鸟类造成的影响进行了调查。分析表明,噪声对东沙沙洲迁徙鸟类影响不大;光对夜间迁徙鸟类造成一定的影响;风机对候鸟迁徙影响不大,少数低飞候鸟可能存在撞机风险;风机基础和人工岛的永久占地造成的直接生物量损失为3.2 t/a,总计损失约64万元;风电场建设将使东沙沙洲鸟类栖息地面积减少81.5 km2,约占总栖息地面积的13.9%,但风机对鸻鹬类等中小型涉禽、水鸟的觅食影响不大,风电场区域仍可作为这些鸟类的觅食地。在影响分析的基础上提出了设计、施工、运营阶段相应的防范措施。     

Impacts of the Rising Opportunity Cost of Farm Labor on Agricultural Land Use Structure: Theory and Empirical Evidences

Nowadays the rising of opportunity cost of farm labor comes to the forefront of attention in China. In order to understand its impact on agricultural land-use structure, a theoretical framework of household economics is formulated drawn on Low’s model. Under the theoretical framework, the impact of the rising opportunity cost of on-farm on cropping structure is deduced in theory. And then, using statistic and survey data, taking mountain area of southern Ningxia as an example, the theoretical assumes are verified. The results show that the rise of opportunity cost of farm labor leads to less diversified cropping structure.     

Organophosphorus insecticide residues in farm ditches of the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia

Abstract

Farm ditches flowing into three important rivers in the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia, Canada, were sampled periodically at seven locations from July to December in 1991, to determine the occurrence and levels of seven organophosphorus (OP) insecticides. Based oh sales records for the year, the uses of OP insecticides in this area were as follows: malathion > diazinon > parathion > dimethoate > azinphos‐methyl > fensulfothion, but no sales of chlorfenvinphos. Residues of parathion, diazinon, fensulfothion, dimethoate and chlorfenvinphos were detected at levels ranging from 1 ‐ 7,785 >μg/kg in cropped soils collected from areas adjacent to the sites for sampling ditch water and sediments. Malathion and azinphos‐methyl were not detected in any of the substrates studied, demonstrating their rapid degradation in the environment. Diazinon and dimethoate were consistently found in ditch water at seven locations, with an average concentration of 0.07 μg/L and 0.27 μg/L, respectively. Fensulfothion and parathion, with an average concentration of 0.08 μg/L and 0.17 μg/L, respectively, were sporadically found in ditch water at two locations. In ditch sediments, diazinon was detected at three locations and fensulfothion at two. The average concentrations of these two insecticides were 16 μg/kg and 9 jug/kg, respectively. The potential impact on aquatic organisms of these OP insecticides in ditches is discussed.     

坚持以人为本把安全生产当作林场重中之重的大事抓紧抓实

结合当地的实际情况及其具体的实例,把如何解决安全生产的问题解析的十分的浅显。     

典型沼肥灌施农田重金属的时间多尺度特征分析

长期对农田进行沼肥灌施对土壤养分及重金属累积、迁移产生何种影响,尚缺乏系统的调查和研究。选取7—10年灌施沼肥的农田为研究对象,分析耕层土壤中Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb、Ni、Hg和As的全量及Cu、Zn各形态含量,并对污染水平及生态风险进行评价和预测。结果表明:持续灌施沼肥改变土壤的EC、pH等理化性质,造成P、K等营养元素和重金属Cu、Zn的显著累积。Cu、Zn平均积累速率分别为5.70~6.15、12.13~18.7 mg/(kg·年)。Cu和Zn含量之间具有显著相关性,表明它们同源。外源输入的稀释作用及形态转化使原土壤Cu、Zn赋存形态发生改变。综合污染指数法研究结果表明,养殖场土壤重金属均处于警戒水平。潜在生态风险指数法研究结果表明,养殖场土壤重金属危害程度整体表现为轻微生态危害。Cu、Zn年积累通量分别为10.26~11.07、21.83~33.66 kg/(hm²·年)。预测土壤中Cu、Zn浓度超出风险筛选值时间分别为10.19~11.01、9.16~14.14年。连续多年灌施沼肥将对土壤生态环境造成潜在风险。