浅谈齐齐哈尔市的生态环境问题与改善途径

着重论述了齐齐哈尔市生态环境存在的八个问题与改善生态环境的六个创新。     

不同盐度、温度下的废泥浆固化处理技术

钻井过程中产生的废钻井液对环境危害性极大,而固化处理是现阶段钻井液处理的主要研究方向。本文结合国内外关于废泥浆处理的技术资料并吸收其研究方法和已有成果,利用研发出的KG系列固化剂,根据不同盐度、温度下的废泥浆、污泥、岩屑的污染情况,研究出与之适应的固化处理方法,从而在经济和技术上保证川西地区和新疆油田的废泥浆固化处理能够有效施行。本研究改进了目前不同的盐度、温度下固化作业施工中如何确保施工质量的问题,优化了现有技术水平。     

从全国科技进步统计监测结果分析辽宁环境保护能力

根据全国科技进步统计监测及综合评价课题组撰写的全国科技进步统计监测报告数据,对辽宁省环境改善监测结果进行分析,就如何加强环境保护问题提出了对策及建议。     

Innovation for sustainable development: from environmental design to transition management

Society needs to adapt in order to provide the wealth that an increasing part of the world population is getting used to. We are on a track to ecological and resource collapse if actions are not taken soon. Technology will have to play a key role in the process of changing industrial society. But innovation has to be embedded in social and organizational innovation. We need sociotechnical change. Environmentally conscious design has been practiced in engineering design for more than a decade. Its merits are sometimes blamed as futile, as the world has not witnessed a significant contribution to the solution of the larger (global) problems. This paper first sketches a scheme of the various levels of technological change, ranging from: (1) incremental optimizations of single artifacts, to (2) major change of artifacts, (3) systems change, and (4) technological transitions (involving changes in production and consumption). It outlines the stakeholders involved in these types of innovations and the parties that could orchestrate the innovation process. In this paper, It is argued that the most encompassing level of technological innovation, the level of transition, is crucial for achieving long-term sustainable development, as it has the largest potential for improvement. However, transition is not very well manageable. The paper contains a review of the literature regarding the occurrence of technological transitions. After a transition has occurred, the new system is often not efficient. Its gains in terms of diminished resource consumption or pollution have to be enlarged by less encompassing innovation strategies, such as systems innovations and product optimization. Transitions for sustainable development are often impossible, as the new systems have to compete with fully developed and optimized systems that have far advanced at the learning curve, i.e., are optimized by various systems and incremental innovations. Less encompassing levels of innovation, even those that aim at more sustainability, can counteract transitions that have more potential for sustainable development by improving the competing (unsustainable) technology. The paper will give several examples of this dilemma and some guidelines for developing government policies as well as corporate strategies. On the policy level, it is argued that it is especially important to develop (scope for) market niches for new sustainable systems and products as they create scope for experiments that could lead to transitions.

国外环境保护产业发展现状及趋势研究概述

文章概述了国外环保产业发展的历程、特点以及政策,阐述了以日本、美国为代表的发达国家环保技术与产品的开发现状和趋势,分析并预测了发达国家环保工业的市场状况。文中提出了发展我国环保产业的建议。      

可持续交通

全球存在有广泛的认知 ,目前的交通趋势是不可持续的。很多学者总结认为 ,我们需要在交通系统的技术、设计、运行和财政上进行根本性的变革。本文探讨了可持续发展的定义 ,以及交通造成的环境影响、能源消费和公平问题 ,并结合国内外文献从 :(1)交通技术 ;(2 )交通供应 ;(3)交通需求 ;(4)交通方式四个方面提出发展可持续交通的基本理念 ,并给出相关的国外的成功实践 ,以期对我国建设生态城市和生态交通提供可借鉴的信息。     

论如何加强环境监测实验室的科学化管理

随着经济水平和人民生活水平的不断提升,环境保护意识也逐渐提升。作为环境保护工作的重要一部分,环境监测工作的提升对于环境保护工作的推进有着极为重要的作用。但是,当前我国的环境监测方面的工作存在很多问题,影响着环境保护工作的推进。本文针对环境监测中监测实验室的管理优化进行分析,探讨提升环境监测水平的方式。     

Knowledge for environmental governance: probing science–policy theory in the cases of eutrophication and fisheries in the Baltic Sea

How science and policy interact has been a major research focus in the International Relations (IR) tradition, using the epistemic community (EC) concept, as well as in the alternative perspective of Science and Technology Studies (STS). Should science be autonomous and as apolitical as possible in order to ‘speak truth to power’, as suggested by EC or should the inevitable entanglement of science and politics be accepted and embraced so as to make advice more conducive to negotiating the explicit travails of political decision-making as suggested by STS? With this point of departure, we compare similarities and differences between science–policy interactions in the issue areas of eutrophication and fisheries management of the Baltic Sea. To examine how knowledge is mobilised, the concepts of ‘uncertainty’ and ‘coherence’ are developed, drawing on both EC and STS thinking. We then reflect on the explanatory value of these approaches in both cases and discuss how a separation of science and policy-making in the pursuit of achieving scientific consensus leads to ineffectual policies. Drawing on STS thinking, we urge for a re-conceptualisation of coherence in order to accommodate a more reflexive practice of science–policy interactions.     

土壤气相抽提(SVE)技术研究进展

土壤气相抽提(SVE)是石油类土壤及地下水污染修复工程中广泛采用的原位治理技术。本文主要介绍了SVE技术的影响因素、系统设计、运行机理以及现场监测,阐述了SVE技术及其理论进展。最后展望了该技术的应用前景。     

四氯化碳规模化转化技术的选择与评价

四氯化碳作为氟里昂的生产原料和一种破坏臭氧层物质面临淘汰。本文简要介绍了我国目前四氯化碳的生产和消费现状、四氯化碳的危害以及四氯化碳的各种转化技术,并对四氯化碳转化为一氯甲烷技术进行了经济和社会效益评价。结果表明,该转化技术具有显著的经济效益和社会效益,符合循环经济理念,具有工业推广价值。