大城市污水处理工艺的经济选择因素

城市污水处理设施的建设是今后改善我国城市环境的重要任务之一，其具体工艺和技术的选择除了对污水治理的结果产生影响外，更重要的是直接影响对设施建设的投入强度和运行效果，建议从经济和技术结合的角度研究比较各种技术和工艺，去探讨经济技术最佳结合的方法。     

移民搬迁是否加剧了山区耕地撂荒?——基于陕南三市1578户农户面板数据

山区移民搬迁是否加剧耕地撂荒关系到移民稳定性及国家粮食安全,具有重要的研究价值。基于陕西省南部地区商洛、安康、汉中3市8县（区）1578户农户调查数据,运用面板Logit和Tobit模型回归得出,移民年数对是否撂荒、撂荒面积及撂荒耕地占比在1%的水平上有正向影响;仅当移民距离超过0.5 km时,农户耕地撂荒面积及撂荒耕地占比显著增加;不同移民类型中,工程移民对耕地撂荒的影响程度最大,避灾移民影响程度最小;另外,户主特征、家庭特征、资源禀赋特征、农地流转特征显著影响了农户的耕地撂荒行为。可以得出,移民搬迁加剧了山区耕地撂荒,城镇生活的转变及务农时间机会成本的增加是耕地撂荒的主要原因。建议政府对工程移民农户进行有土安置,加大生态移民区退耕还林支持力度,扶持扶贫、避灾移民农户发展特色产业,加快农地流转信息平台建设。     

Recent developments in the application of risk analysis to waste technologies

The European waste sector is undergoing a period of unprecedented change driven by business consolidation, new legislation and heightened public and government scrutiny. One feature is the transition of the sector towards a process industry with increased pre-treatment of wastes prior to the disposal of residues and the co-location of technologies at single sites, often also for resource recovery and residuals management. Waste technologies such as in-vessel composting, the thermal treatment of clinical waste, the stabilisation of hazardous wastes, biomass gasification, sludge combustion and the use of wastes as fuel, present operators and regulators with new challenges as to their safe and environmentally responsible operation. A second feature of recent change is an increased regulatory emphasis on public and ecosystem health and the need for assessments of risk to and from waste installations. Public confidence in waste management, secured in part through enforcement of the planning and permitting regimes and sound operational performance, is central to establishing the infrastructure of new waste technologies. Well-informed risk management plays a critical role. We discuss recent developments in risk analysis within the sector and the future needs of risk analysis that are required to respond to the new waste and resource management agenda.     

单元板式轨道扣件刚度突变对行车安全性的影响分析

为研究单元板式无砟轨道扣件刚度整体及局部突变对行车安全的影响,指导扣件系统的养护维修,利用有限元方法和轮轨耦合系统动力学原理,建立车辆-轨道-路基系统垂向耦合动力学模型。研究扣件系统整体刚度突变和局部刚度突变对列车的振动特性和轮轨垂向作用力的影响规律。结果表明:扣件刚度从20 kN/mm增加到80 kN/mm时,轮对和转向架的振动加速度分别增加40.1%和28.2%,轮轨垂向力增加28.4%,车体变化不大;当局部扣件刚度突变时,车体、轮对、转向架的振动加速度和轮轨垂向力均较基本刚度(50 kN/mm)有所增大。扣件刚度整体突变以及局部突变均会对列车振动特性和轮轨垂向作用力产生不利的影响,建议及时对扣件系统进行养护检修,以保证行车的平稳性和安全性。     

政府激励企业环境技术创新的初步研究

本文分析了环境技术创新可可持续发发展战略实施的重要作用,提出了政府激励企业环境技术创新的对策建议。     

加速度信号积分求解位移方法研究

目的 研究动力学环境试验分析中时域积分算法和频域积分算法两种加速度信号积分求解位移方法.方法 动力学环境试验中,利用不同算法对被试品测点处所采集到的加速度信号进行二次积分处理,计算求解位移.采集过程中,再利用激光传感器测量位移,以激光所测位移为基准,对比分析不同算法求解结果的准确性,并分析其结果的误差来源、其优缺点及适用范围.结果 在动力学环境试验的不同工况下,两种不同积分法得到的位移数据与激光测定数据基本重合,积分得到的位移最大误差均小于5％,符合实际应用需求.时域积分算法在两次积分中受到噪声以及直流分量误差的影响较大;频域积分算法的计算结果相对更加准确,但是受到低频误差影响较大,具有低频敏感性.结论 在动力学环境试验中,时域积分算法适用于噪声和直流分量可忽略的情况,频域积分算法适应于低频误差较小的情况.对加速度信号数据进行必要且有效的预处理后,时域积分算法和频域积分算法的位移积分结果都具有较高的准确性,能够满足一般工程实际中的测试需求.     

危险废物处理处置技术评价方法研究

在对不同危险废物处理处置技术评价方法适用性进行分析的基础上,对危险废物处理处置技术评价方法进行了系统研究.结果发现专家评价法和环境技术评价(EnTA)法以定性评价为主,简单易行,应用范围广泛;生命周期评价(LCA)法以定量为主,但由于数据采集困难,目前在应用上还面临很多困难;层次分析(AHP)法把定性与定量评价融合得比较好,对于解决危险废物处理处置技术的选择问题行之有效.     

The acceptance of personal protective equipment among Hong Kong construction workers: An integration of technology acceptance model and theory of planned behavior with risk perception and safety climate

Introduction: The phenomenon that construction workers do not use personal protective equipment (PPE) is a major reason for the high occurrence frequency of accidents in the construction industry. However, little efforts have been made to quantitatively examine the factors influencing construction workers’ acceptance of PPE. Method: In the current study, a PPE acceptance model for construction workers (PAMCW) was proposed to address the noted need. The PAMCW incorporates the technology acceptance model, theory of planned behavior, risk perception, and safety climate for explaining construction worker acceptance of PPE. 413 construction workers participated in this study to fill out a structured questionnaire. The PAMCW was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: Results provide evidence of the applicability of the technology acceptance model and theory of planned behavior to the PPE acceptance among construction workers. The positive influence of safety climate and risk perception-severity on attitude toward using PPE was significant. Safety climate positively influences perceived usefulness. Risk perception-worry and unsafe was found to positively affect intention to use PPE. Practical Applications: Practical suggestions for increasing construction workers’ use of PPE are also discussed.     

浅谈地下水净化厂除铁除锰试验及应用

通过对齐齐哈尔市自来水公司铁锋水厂除铁、锰工艺的分析,得出曝气接触氧化除铁、锰是一种好方法.